superficial to deep muscle structure
They consist of short rotatores (rotatores breves) which attach to the spinous processes of adjacent superior vertebrae and long rotatores (rotatores longi) which attach to vertebrae two levels up. Muscle fibers range from 10 to 80 micrometers in diameter and may be up to 35 cm long. The outer fascial covering of a nerve is called the epineurium (translates to on the nerve). We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. Deep back muscles: want to learn more about it? These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. Portions of the epimysium project inward to divide the muscle into compartments. The final group is the intermediate muscles, which help with the movement of the thoracic cage. The opposite of superficial is deep. Every skeletal muscle fiber is supplied by a motor neuron at the NMJ. Deep fascia, epimysium, perimysium, and endomysium. It was created by member bv3833 and has 9 questions. Bilateral contraction of the muscle results in extension of the vertebral column at all levels, while unilateral contraction produces ipsilateral lateral flexion and contralateral rotation of the vertebral column. The superficial fascia is a loose connective tissue layer immediately deep to the skin. From superficial to deep, the correct order of muscle structure is a. deep fascia, epimysium, perimysium, and endomysium b. epimysium, perimysium, endomysium, and deep fascia c. deep fascia, endomysium, perimysium, and epimysium d. endomysium, perimysium, epimysium, and deep fascia Calculate your paper price Academic level Deadline These are the most prominent muscles of the neck that you can see and feel when you rotate your head . The H zone in the middle of the A band is a little lighter in color because it only contain the portion of the thick filaments that does not overlap with the thin filaments (i.e. If you do not agree to the foregoing terms and conditions, you should not enter this site. The risorius muscle is a narrow bundle of muscle fibers that becomes narrower from its origin at the fascia of the lateral cheek over the parotid gland and superficial masseter and platysma muscles, to its insertion onto the skin of the angle of the mouth. Formed mainly by myosin, Thin and Thick filaments overlap at the ends, 1. Each compartment contains a bundle of muscle fibers. These regions represent areas where the filaments do not overlap, and as filament overlap increases during contraction these regions of no overlap decrease. Up, Down, Side-to-Side: Directional Terms. Every skeletal muscle is also richly supplied by blood vessels for nourishment, oxygen delivery, and waste removal. Where does the deep cervical fascia lie in the body? It begins in the neck, and descends to attach to the scapula. Titin is anchored at the M-Line, runs the length of myosin, and extends to the Z disc. The scalp consists of five layers. This article will focus on the superficial group. Fig 1.0 The superficial muscles of the back. Kauna unahang parabula na inilimbag sa bhutan. Nuclei leave the satellite cell and go into the muscle fibers The iliocostalis thoracis is supplied by the dorsal branches of posterior intercostal and subcostal arteries, while the dorsal branches of the lumbar and lateral sacral arteries supply the iliocostalis lumborum. Kenhub. Inside each skeletal muscle, muscle fibers are organized into bundles, called fascicles, surrounded by a middle layer of connective tissue called the perimysium. Where is superficial on the body? Intermediate Back Muscles [] The superficial transverse perineal muscle is a transverse strip of muscle that runs across the superficial perineal space anterior to the anus. Become activated Terms in this set (4) Epimysium. This fascia is organised into several layers. This muscle group is the largest of the deep back muscles and lies on either side of the vertebral column between the spinous processes of the vertebrae and the angles of the ribs. Clinically oriented anatomy (8th ed.). The length of the A band does not change (the thick myosin filament remains a constant length), but the H zone and I band regions shrink. Register now The spinalis thoracis muscle is supplied by dorsal branches of the superior and posterior intercostal arteries, and branches of the lumbar arteries. Read more. 1 plays. The epidermis is the most superficial layer of the skin and provides the first barrier of protection from the invasion of substances into the body. Summary origin gluteus maximus: ilium, lumbar fascia, sacrum, and sacrotuberous ligament ; Perimysium is the muscular layer, made up of connective tissue, which is located between the epimysium and endomysium layers, and which has the function of covering the muscular fascicles. 7 Which is the most extensive form of fascia? They range from extremely tiny strands such as the stapedium muscle of the middle ear to large masses such as the muscles of the thigh. The back is a dorsal structure on a human and a dog. 2. The muscles on each side form a trapezoid shape. Owl. In anatomy, superficial is a directional term that indicates one structure is located more externally than another, or closer to the surface of the body. 146. They stretch between the skull and pelvis and lie on either side of the spine. What is thought to influence the overproduction and pruning of synapses in the brain quizlet? The spinalis muscle is the smallest and most medial of the erector spinae muscle group. The tissue does more than provide internal structure; fascia has nerves that make it almost as sensitive as skin. 8p Image Quiz. The deep cervical fascia lies, as its name suggests, deep to the superficial fascia and platysma muscle. Sophie Stewart According to standard textbooks of anatomy, the superficial fascia or subcutaneous tissue is described as a layer of loose areolar connective or adipose tissue that connects the skin to the underlying bones or deep fascia (3). How many nieces and nephew luther vandross have? The skin is superficial to the muscles. Procedure: In vitro, limb configurations during slack position and myotendinous lengths during subsequent . Last reviewed: November 10, 2022 They originate from the vertebral column and attach to the bones of the shoulder - the clavicle, scapula and humerus. the femoral vein is beside the femoral artery). The blood supply for both muscles comes from the vertebral, occipital, superior intercostal, deep cervical and transverse cervical arteries. Use spdfspdfspdf and noble gas notations to give the electron configurations of these two elements. However, you may visit "Cookie Settings" to provide a controlled consent. The Cellular Level of Organization, Chapter 4. Superficial - muscles you feel through your skin--the outermost layer. 2. Mainly thin filaments composed of Actin, Light region at the center of the A band The multifidus is divided regionally into three: All three parts of the multifidus muscle insert on the lateral aspect and tips of the spinous processes of vertebrae 2-5 levels above origin. It is deep to the superficial pectoral muscles (descending and transverse pectoral muscles). The endomysium surrounds the extracellular matrix of the cells and plays a role in transferring force produced by the muscle fibers to the tendons. Results in skeletal muscle growth, 1. But opting out of some of these cookies may affect your browsing experience. 2. Bone Tissue and the Skeletal System, Chapter 12. A sarcomere is defined as the region of a myofibril contained between two cytoskeletal structures called Z-discs (also called Z-lines or Z-bands), and the striated appearance of skeletal muscle fibers is due to the arrangement of the thick and thin myofilaments within each sarcomere (Figure 10.2.2). Each layer contains specific muscles listed below. The longissimus capitis and cervicis are vascularized by the vertebral artery, deep cervical artery, superficial and deep descending branches of occipital artery and deep branch of the transverse cervical artery. The deep venous system of the calf includes the anterior tibial, posterior tibial, and peroneal veins. (b) A large motor unit has one neuron supplying many skeletal muscle fibers for gross movements, like the Temporalis muscle, where 1000 fibers are supplied by one neuron. Images of Superficial and deep Anatomy. The major function of these muscles is to stabilize the adjoining vertebrae of the vertebral column. Philadelphia, PA: Saunders. What are the superficial fascia of a muscle fiber? Superficial fascia is viscoelastic (like a Tempur-like pillow). The cookie is set by GDPR cookie consent to record the user consent for the cookies in the category "Functional". The high density of collagen fibers gives the deep fascia its strength and integrity. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. During bilateral contraction, the longissimus muscle functions as a powerful extensor of the lumbar, thoracic and cervical spine, as well as an extensor of the head and neck. The thin filaments extend into the A band toward the M-line and overlap with regions of the thick filament. The troponin-tropomyosin complex uses calcium ion binding to TnC to regulate when the myosin heads form cross-bridges to the actin filaments. Superficial fascia lies beneath the skin while deep fascia lies beneath the superficial fascia. What would happen to skeletal muscle if the epimysium were destroyed? Get instant access to this gallery, plus: Introduction to the musculoskeletal system, Nerves, vessels and lymphatics of the abdomen, Nerves, vessels and lymphatics of the pelvis, Infratemporal region and pterygopalatine fossa, Meninges, ventricular system and subarachnoid space, Superficial muscles of head, superficial part of parotid gland. 49. These cookies help provide information on metrics the number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source, etc. See Page 1. The main function of the multifidus is to stabilize the vertebrae during movements of the spine. Skeletal muscles maintain posture, stabilize bones and joints, control internal movement, and generate heat. It contains fat, blood vessels, lymphatics, glands, and nerves. The Lymphatic and Immune System, Chapter 26. This is a common site of injury in performance horses, as this ligament is prone to strain or tears. concerned with or comprehending only what is on the surface or obvious: a superficial observer. 2. Superficial Fascia Traditionally, it is described as being made up of membranous layers with loosely packed interwoven collagen and elastic fibers. There are three layers of connective tissue: epimysium, perimysium, and endomysium. 3. Is Clostridium difficile Gram-positive or negative? The absolute pressure, velocity, and temperature just upstream from the wave are 207 kPa, 610 m/s, and 17.8C^{\circ} \mathrm{C}C, respectively. The opposite of superficial is deep. Superficial muscles. 1. You will engage with fascinating videos . Inside each fascicle, each muscle fiber is encased in a thin connective tissue layer of collagen and reticular fibers called the endomysium. Where do Muscle Fibers/Cells obtain the nuclei? In particular, operations such as cervical lymph node biopsy or cannulation of the internal jugularveincan cause trauma to the nerve. However, everybody has veins and arteries that go to all the parts of the body, so thats at least 34 main veins, and many more smaller veins connecting with the capillaries. The Nervous System and Nervous Tissue, Chapter 13. The deep pectoral muscle (or ascending pectoral) is a strong muscle which originates from the sternum, the xiphoid cartilage adn the costal cartilages and inserts on the medial or lateral aspect of the proximal humerus in different species. Those below the level of the heart tend to bulge out. These tissues include the skeletal muscle fibers, blood vessels, nerve fibers, and connective tissue. Fascia is a thin casing of connective tissue that surrounds and holds every organ, blood vessel, bone, nerve fiber and muscle in place. 4th ed. Like the multifidus, the rotatores are also present along the entire length of the vertebral column, but are more prominent and best developed in the thoracic region. There are two rhomboid muscles major and minor. You can injure these muscles through overuse or sudden traumas. 3. The medical information on this site is provided as an information resource only, and is not to be used or relied on for any diagnostic or treatment purposes. It is a long, broad, strap-like muscle found deep to the trapezius muscle. In anatomy, superficial is a directional term that indicates one structure is located more externally than another, or closer to the surface of the body. The membrane of the cell is the sarcolemma; the cytoplasm of the cell is the sarcoplasm. The rhomboid minor is situated superiorly to the major. Commonly, the epimysium, perimysium, and endomysium extend beyond the fleshy part of the muscle, the belly or gaster, to form a thick ropelike tendon or a broad, flat sheet-like aponeurosis. Veins of the thigh. Is the scapula superficial or deep? Anatomy & Physiology by Lindsay M. Biga, Sierra Dawson, Amy Harwell, Robin Hopkins, Joel Kaufmann, Mike LeMaster, Philip Matern, Katie Morrison-Graham, Devon Quick & Jon Runyeon is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License, except where otherwise noted. The Chemical Level of Organization, Chapter 3. The tension created by contraction of the muscle fibers is then transferred though the connective tissue layers, to the tendon, and then to the periosteum to pull on the bone for movement of the skeleton. This means it is not limited to structures on the very outside of the body, such as the skin or eyes. Which of the following pilgrims is feared like a plague? In addition, every muscle fiber in a skeletal muscle is supplied by the axon branch of a somatic motor neuron, which signals the fiber to contract. Reading time: 21 minutes. The deep back muscles extend along the entire length of the spine. During contraction the myofilaments themselves do not change length, but actually slide across each other so the distance between the Z-discs shortens resulting in the shortening of the sarcomere. Read more. Grounded on academic literature and research, validated by experts, and trusted by more than 2 million users. The deep muscles of the back are a group of muscles that act to maintain posture and produce movements of the vertebral column. Deep fascia is a relatively thick, dense, and discrete fibrous tissue layer. You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. 13 points. That includes the latissimus dorsi, trapezius, rhomboid, and levator scapula muscles in your back. Generally, the muscles of the transversospinalis group stabilize the vertebrae during localized movements of the intervertebral joints of the vertebral column. How to you make Muscle Fibers/Cells bigger? Each muscle column is subdivided into regions (lumborum, thoracic, cervicis, capitis) based on which region of the axial skeleton it attaches to superiorly. Cross-bridge formation and filament sliding will occur when calcium is present, and the signaling process leading to calcium release and muscle contraction is known as Excitation-Contraction Coupling. As opposed to superficial. The cookies is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Necessary". These actin and myosin filaments slide over each other to cause shortening of sarcomeres and the cells to produce force. Superficial veins can be seen under the skin. (c) What is the double strand of pearls described in the video? 16 points. Skeletal muscle cells (fibers), like other body cells, are soft and fragile. The Superficial Front Line starts with the muscles on top of your feet, travels up the shin bone, connects into the quads, and then up through the core into the rectus abdominis and ends in the sternocleidomastoid (SCM) on each side of the neck. Anatomy of the Human Heart. Curated learning paths created by our anatomy experts, 1000s of high quality anatomy illustrations and articles. Sarcolemma The nuclei lie along the periphery of the cell, forming swellings visible through the sarcolemma. Layers of the Epidermis Stratum corneum Most superficial layer Consists of 20-30 layers of dead keratinocytes that are void of organelles Stratum lucidum Only found in hairless skin (fingertips, palms, soles of feet) Contains several layers of dead keratinocytes Stratum granulosum Contains 3-5 layers . Deep refers to structures closer to the interior center of the body. The A band is dark because of the thicker myosin filaments as well as overlap with the actin filaments. (c) Why is the neurotransmitter acetylcholine degraded after binding to its receptor? There are two rhomboid muscles - major and minor. deep muscles of hindlimb. At the other end of the tendon, it fuses with the periosteum coating the bone. Make the changes yourself here! Value. This category only includes cookies that ensures basic functionalities and security features of the website. Copyright Intermediate - muscles sitting between the superficial muscles and the deep muscles. (2017). (a) Z-lines. Superficial is used to describe structures that are closer to the exterior surface of the body. All content published on Kenhub is reviewed by medical and anatomy experts. It consists of several layers: a superficial fascia, a deep fascia, and a subserous (or visceral) fascia. Dark region in center of the Sarcomere The superficial branches include: The musculophrenic artery is a branch of the internal thoracic artery. The trapezius and the latissimus dorsi lie the most superficially, with the trapezius covering the rhomboids and levator scapulae. What causes the striated appearance of skeletal muscle tissue? In anatomy, superficial is a directional term that indicates one structure is located more externally than another, or closer to the surface of the body. The Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels and Circulation, Chapter 21. To test the accessory nerve, trapezius function can be assessed. These muscles lie between the spinous and transverse processes of the vertebral column, deep to the erector spinae muscles. Medicine. Contractile unit in myofibrils bound by Z lines Found an error? The basilic and cephalic veins, which are superficial veins, contribute to the axillary vein, though many anatomic variations occur. Skeletal muscle fibers are long, multinucleated cells. Separates individual muscle fibers. In addition to nuclei, skeletal muscle fibers also contain cellular organelles found in other cells, such as mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum. 1 What are the layers of muscle from superficial to deep? A whole skeletal muscle is considered an organ of the muscular system. Author: Did all those muscle facts get you excited? Sarcomeres, 1. Who were the models in Van Halen's finish what you started video? As other erector spinae muscles, the main function of the spinalis muscle is extension of the vertebral column during bilateral contraction, and lateral flexion of the spine to the same side when acting unilaterally. deep muscles of thigh. In dogs : The splenius capitis muscle is innervated by the posterior ramus of spinal nerves C3 and C4. 2. Blood vessels and nerves enter the connective tissue and branch in the cell. The heart is deep to the rib cage. 2. What are the layers of muscle from superficial to deep? They originate from the transverse processes of C7-T11 vertebrae and travel inferolaterally to insert between the tubercle and the angle of the corresponding rib below. (d) The alternating strands of actin and myosin filaments. The levatores costarum muscles are located in the thoracic region of the vertebral column. The most common cause of accessory nerve damage is iatrogenic (i.e. The SUPERFICIAL & DEEP MUSCLES chart points out every muscle of the human body, including front and rear views. An example of superficial is someone who is only interested in how they and others look. Why does Gary Soto's work seem autobiographical? o Oblique (middle) sesamoidean ligaments: deep to . The muscles of the back can be divided into three groups superficial, intermediate and deep: The deep muscles develop embryologically in the back, and are thus described as intrinsic muscles. What are some examples of how providers can receive incentives? Routing number of commercial bank of Ethiopia? I am currently continuing at SunAgri as an R&D engineer. The superficial veins are located within the subcutaneous tissue whilst the deep veins are found deep to the deep fascia. The superficial back muscles are situated underneath the skin and superficial fascia. Superficial veins are often visible under the skin and are typically thin and wispy. What bands change in size during a muscle contraction? Lightest region on the ends of the Sarcomere The coronal plane (frontal or Y-X plane) divides the body into dorsal and ventral (back and front) portions. Kim Bengochea, Regis University, Denver. (a) It is the number of skeletal muscle fibers supplied by a single motor neuron. CONTACT : 1800 212 7858 / +91 9372462318. Endomysium. 2020. When the body is too hot the body shunts blood from the deep veins to the superficial veins, to facilitate heat transfer to the surroundings. The intermuscular septa and the antebrachial fascia also provide partial origins, and some muscles have additional bony origins [].Proceeding from the lateral to the medial direction, there are the pronator teres (PT), flexor carpi radialis (FCR), palmaris longus (PL . The muscle is divided into three regions according to its attachments: The attachments of the iliocostalis muscle are shown in the table below: The iliocostalis is innervated by lateral branches of the posterior rami of cervical, thoracic and lumbar spinal nerves. Subclavian artery Subclavian vein Thoracic duct Thyrocervical trunk Vagus nerve A. Each skeletal muscle fiber is a single cylindrical muscle cell. Vein. A B. Away from the head/lower part of a structure (bottom view, looking up). Skeletal muscles vary considerably in size, shape, and arrangement of fibers. 2023 It is divided into three regions based on their attachments: The attachments of the longissimus muscle are shown in the table below: The nerve supply to the various parts of the longissimus muscle is by branches of the posterior rami of the corresponding regional spinal nerves. The belly button is a ventral structure on a human and a dog. (d) What gives a skeletal muscle fiber its striated appearance? Superficial muscles are the most visible, so body builders will spend . Each organ or muscle consists of skeletal muscle tissue, connective tissue, nerve tissue, and blood or vascular tissue. Muscle Fiber 5. Learn the attachments, innervations and functions of the deep back muscles faster and easier with our muscle charts! What is the correct order of anterior forearm muscles from deep to superficial? Superficial muscles of your back and core are located just beneath your skin. Copyright What is are the functions of diverse organisms? Access over 1700 multiple choice questions. 5 What is the function of superficial fascia? Bilateral contraction of this muscle draws the head posteriorly, extending the neck and thoracic spine. 2023 I would honestly say that Kenhub cut my study time in half. Advertisement cookies are used to provide visitors with relevant ads and marketing campaigns. An Introduction to the Human Body, Chapter 2. Clinically Oriented Anatomy (7th ed.). For example, the spine is deep in the body, while the skin is superficial. Hundreds of myosin proteins are arranged into each thick filament with tails toward the M-line and heads extending toward the Z-discs. The sarcoplasm, or cytoplasm of the muscle cell, contains calciumstoring sarcoplasmic reticulum, the specialized endoplasmic reticulum of a muscle cell. To find out more, read our privacy policy. From superficial to deep, these are the epicardium, the myocardium, and the endocardium (see Figure 4). apparent rather than real. 6. Unilateral contraction of the muscle results in ipsilateral lateral flexion of the spine. In skeletal muscles that work with tendons to pull on bones, the collagen in the three connective tissue layers intertwines with the collagen of a tendon. Deep to the multifidus are the small rotatores (rotator muscles), which are the deepest of this muscle group. The deep veins accompany the major arteries and their branches and are usually paired. Muscle: Flexor Pollicis Brevis - Origin: - Superficial head - flexor retinaculum and trapezium - Deep head - trapezium and capitate - Insertion: Base of proximal phalanx of digit 1 - Action: Flexion of thumb at MCP joint - Nerve Supply: - Superficial head - median nerve - Deep head - ulnar nerve. The lighter I band regions contain thin actin filaments anchored at the Z-discs by a protein called -actinin. The soleus muscle also plantar flexes the foot at the ankle joint. 6 Whats the difference between superficial fascia and deep fascia? I would honestly say that Kenhub cut my study time in half. I love to write and share science related Stuff Here on my Website. These flat muscles are located on the posterolateral aspect of the neck and the posterior upper thorax, overlying the deep muscles of the neck. Author: Epimysium is the membrane that is responsible for surrounding the entire surface of the muscles of the heart, arms, legs, and trunk. Back Muscles: The muscles of the back that work together to support the spine, help keep the body upright and allow twist and bend in many directions. This layer is recognized as an off-white sheath for the underlying muscles. Structures within the popliteal fossa include, (from superficial to deep): [1] tibial nerve common fibular nerve (also known as the common peroneal nerve) [3] popliteal vein popliteal artery, a continuation of the femoral artery small saphenous vein (termination) [3] Popliteal lymph nodes and vessels [3] Center of H Zone The superficial back muscles are situated underneath the skin and superficial fascia. The five layers from superficial to deep are: S- Skin: It is thick and has large number of hair follicles and associated sebaceous glands. Start with the anatomy of the deep muscles of the back by exploring our videos, quizzes, labeled diagrams, and articles. Transverse (T) Tubules, 4. Superficial fascia lies just beneath the skin while deep fascia is a fibrous membrane that surrounds each and every muscle in our body and separate muscle groups into compartments. It originates from the anterior and medial aspect of the ischial tuberosity and inserts at the perineal body. Deep refers to structures closer to the interior center of the body. Likes. Unilateral contraction, on the other hand, causes ipsilateral flexion of the neck and thoracic spine with contralateral rotation of the head. Collectively, they carry the vast majority of the blood. What covers each individual muscle fiber? The full chart measures 11"X17" and folds to 8.5"X11" to fit into a protective sleeve. The hypodermis (also called the subcutaneous layer or superficial fascia) is a layer directly below the dermis and serves to connect the skin to the underlying fascia (fibrous tissue) of the bones and muscles. The deep group is the intrinsic muscle group. It is the most superficial of all the back muscles. The thin filaments are composed of two filamentous actin chains (F-actin) comprised of individual actin proteins (Figure 10.2.3). Image Quiz. Skeletal muscles have an abundant supply of blood vessels and nerves. muscle cell membrane. Perimysium. Types of Skeletal Muscle Fiber The two main types of skeletal muscle fiber are slow-twitch (ST or Type I) fibers and fast-twitch (FT or Type II) fibers. Creator. Muscles attach to bones directly or through tendons or aponeuroses. soleus calf muscle The soleus calf muscle is deeper than the gastrocnemius. The back muscles can be three types. The various parts of the semispinalis muscle are vascularized by branches of the occipital, deep cervical, vertebral and dorsal branches of posterior intercostal arteries. The opposite of superficial is deep. Superficial fascia lies just beneath the skin while deep fascia is a fibrous membrane that surrounds each and every muscle in our body and separate muscle groups into compartments. Graduated from ENSAT (national agronomic school of Toulouse) in plant sciences in 2018, I pursued a CIFRE doctorate under contract with SunAgri and INRAE in Avignon between 2019 and 2022. Perimysium Surrounds groups of muscle fibers called fascicles. Epimysium 2. The superficial muscle layer is composed of the splenius muscles (spinotransversales muscles), which are the splenius capitis and splenius cervicis. The latissimus dorsi originates from the lower part of the back, where it covers a wide area. Two muscles in the deep layer are responsible for maintenance of posture and rotation of the neck. Sarcomere Muscle Fascicle Bundles of muscle fibers What holds the muscle fibers together Perimysium Muscle Fiber Muscle cell containing many nuclei Many Nuclei (AKA) Multinucleation What covers each individual muscle fiber? Epidermis Epidermis. Each region of the iliocostalis muscle has a specific blood supply. This chart was made for those who need to learn the location of each muscle in the human body, as well as for those taking an Anatomy & Physiology . However, some of these structures are specialized in muscle fibers. How is the fascia a connective tissue of the body? Is our article missing some key information? Deep refers to structures closer to the interior center of the body. They carry blood from surrounding tissues to the deep veins. Deep fascia (or investing fascia) is a fascia, a layer of dense connective tissue that can surround individual muscles and groups of muscles to separate into fascial compartments. It is the shortening of these individual sarcomeres that lead to the contraction of individual skeletal muscle fibers (and ultimately the whole muscle). 1. They consist of the: platysma. The term superficial is a directional term used to describe the position of one structure relative to the surface of the body or to another underlying structure.
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