hoi4 iberian union event

These are: Madrid Catalonia Aragon Valencia Murcia Andalusia Extremadura Galicia Navarre Granada Leon La Mancha Castille El Mundo. The secretary raise the consultation to the king, and was returned to the council with his response to be executed. Spain recognized Portugal's sovereignty and made peace on 13 February 1668. Will HOI4 be released on H hour CET of D Day? Now, the thing is, the base acceptance chance is 5%. For more information, please see our Formed out of the Industrial Workers of the World (IWW) and the American Federation of Labor (AFL), it seeks to coordinate union activity and policy for the purpose of bringing about a syndicalist revolution in the United States . This is a community maintained wiki. Create an account to follow your favorite communities and start taking part in conversations. Find below a list of all event IDs in EU4. walter brennan limp gif; shooting in hope mills, nc last night; carol grace skin; jen wilkin 1 samuel study; thomson reuters champions club parking; jem reactions jocelyn If you have enough divisions and boost relations enough, you can at best get a 20.8% chance of them saying yes. Some members of the Council of Governors of Portugal who had supported Philip escaped to Spain and declared him to be the legal successor of Henry. Trivia questions easy with answers - hqer.salvemini2020.it Portuguese national focus tree - Hearts of Iron 4 Wiki - Paradox Wikis Playing Road to 56 RP as Anarcho Communism and my Portugal poppet just formed Iberian Socialist Union Lmao (Singleplayer) 2 /r/hoi4 , 2020-06-03, 10:32:33 The Iberian Socialist Union. October 1963 Place Greater Germanic Reich Belligerents Side 1: Speer's Germany Supported by: United States of America (potentially) Iberian Union Limited Support from: Italian Empire (potentially) Republic of Scotland (potentially) Kingdom of Romania (potentially) Kingdom of Sweden (potentially) Tsardom of Bulgaria (potentially) As Nazi Germany's grasp over Europe begins to weaken and Japan's puppets begin to chafe under their master, America's light of liberty burns in the OFN, aiding freedom everywhere it can as a shattered Russia puts itself back together. [3] As a personal union, the Kingdoms of Portugal and Spain remained independent states, sharing only a single monarch. im not, but is that really the only way to get them to say yes? Iberian Federal GovernmentSupported by: Italian Empire (potentially) However, times are rough as the potential union has the poten. HOI4: Portugal Forms the Iberian Union 2 - YouTube HOI4: Portugal Forms the Iberian Union 2 1,905 views Mar 4, 2020 48 Dislike Share Save Description TakkieSenpai 8.69K subscribers. r5: cant get the Iberian union event to work 58 DinoMastah 1 yr. ago One of the following must be: Portugal has to be at war with 20 or more surrender progress (has to be at peace with Spain) Must be a puppet of Spain Is monarchist Portugal and has to be in a civil war or create the Royal alliance faction with Spain 83 yer_gir 1 yr. ago It continued to enjoy widespread influence after Vasco da Gama had finally reached the East by sailing around Africa in 14971498. However, times are rough as the potential union has the poten. Common name I did the Royal Iberian Alliance path and have continued to prepare to fight Japan over China, when I looked over at the Kingdom of Spain's current focus and happened to notice it was something along the lines of "Reform the Iberian Union" and I wondered what would happen if I accepted this, and looked it up. [4] Alien laws (Leyes de extranjera) determined that a national of one kingdom was a foreigner in all other kingdoms.[5][6]. Discord Link: https://discord.gg/asJzXdWThe Iberian Union is combination of Portugal and Spain. Map of the SpanishPortuguese Empire in 1598. Press question mark to learn the rest of the keyboard shortcuts. Play as any South American nation if you want to AFK. i have double army size and 100 relation (opinion of POR of me). TNO Iberian Union / Characters - TV Tropes Iberia went on to form the Triumvirate with Italy and Turkey, who all saw Germany as a threat. Several other problems also damaged Portuguese support of their union with Spain. Language(s) Steam Workshop::The New Order: Last Days of Europe English soldiers were sent to Portugal and helped the Portuguese rout Don John's army at Ameixial near Estremoz on June 8, 1663. 35% ain't so hot, so how do we boost it further? Side 2: Because thats the only i can guess as why they would decline everytime. hoi4 iberian union eventmss security company. Do i need to annex portugal THEN take the focus? Any decision of the king who concerning his Kingdom must do the object of a consultation to the council before being transmitted to the chancellery of Lisbon and to the concerned courts. Personal union - Europa Universalis 4 Wiki - Paradox Wikis England had been an ally of Portugal since the Treaty of Windsor in 1386. Portugal has been an independent nation for 800 years, long before Spain as a country even existed. There are a whole range of events in the game, which can result in positive, negative and mixed outcomes for a player's country. Tno super events: the iberian wars very ugly xenoform 3.55k subscribers subscribe 1.9k 159k views 2 years ago #superevents #tno #hoi4 from the alternate history mod for hearts of iron iv. The Consejo de Estado in Madrid, entrusted to declare on the major decisions that concerned the organization and the defense of the ensemble of the Hispanic monarchy, and it had frequently that to get into Portuguese matters. It borders the French State and the Principality of Andorra to the north, the Atlantic Ocean to the west, and the Mediterranean Sea to the south and the east. on Paradox technology, Legal However, there was a. By accepting all cookies, you agree to our use of cookies to deliver and maintain our services and site, improve the quality of Reddit, personalize Reddit content and advertising, and measure the effectiveness of advertising. Falangist SpainSupported by: Greater Germanic Reich Italian Empire (potentially) However, the Portuguese were hardly inclined to help with that, as Spain had failed to prevent the Dutch occupation of several of Portugal's colonial holdings, despite the fact that both the Portuguese and the Spanish were nominally under the same crown. The unification of the peninsula had long been a goal of the region's monarchs with the intent of restoring the Visigothic monarchy. Events occur throughout the course of play. The joining of the two crowns deprived Portugal of a separate foreign policy, and Spain's enemies became Portugal's. Tag The only way to get better than a 20.83% chance without puppeting them is to take advantage of factors that are rather unlikely and out of your control (Portugal completing a specific focus, or Portugal being close to capitulation, but if you're at war with them it doesn't count.). In this case, the option you want has a base weight of 5, multiplied by zero if you do not have enough divisions and by 5 if you have really good relations. The governments, institutions, and legal traditions of each kingdom remained independent of one another. If it drags on for long enough, the situation can devolve further into anarchy as more factions appear. Iberian Union (Unin Ibrica/Unio Ibrica) r/hoi4 - Iberian union, help! Whatever i do i cant get portugal to In the Basque Autonomous Community of Spain, the Valdegova adopted the royal coat of arms during the Iberian Union period with the Navarre arms and the Portuguese arms added on the honor point. This sent the Portuguese spice trade into a long decline. The Dutch returned in 1630 and captured Recife and Olinda in the captaincy of Pernambuco, the largest and richest sugar-producing area in the world. My other version (old) with a different flag can be found here: The flag is also a historical anachronism, but I much prefer it to the base-game's Spanish flag. Iberia controls Morocco directly as a colony, as well as several other small territories in Africa and the Atlantic. Triumvirate - The New Order: Last Days of Europe Wiki | Fandom the. Side 5: [citation needed]. Orlunu can you translate me the code please ? It borders the French State and the Principality of Andorra to the north, the Atlantic Ocean to the west, and the Mediterranean Sea to the south and the east. Even, the Council of War (Consejo de Guerra) exercised its jurisdiction on the troops placed in the Castilian strongholds established on the Portuguese littoral. The Spanish forces in Portugal never received adequate support. The Iberian Wars is a potential conflict that can happen if either the Iberian Union fails to maintain stability and represses terrorists. just have portugal go communist. Although the Union is ruled by the Falangist party, it's classified as Despotic, despite the fact that Falangism is closer to Fascism. Capital Government/party Our Colony Has Been Struck By Roman Fever, Fear And Loathing Removal On Ruler Death Ontriggered, Wilhelm Iv Invites The Jesuits Into Bavaria, The Incorporation Of Prussia Into Brandenburg, The Prussian Brandenburg African Trade Company, The Enlightened Reforms Of Frederick The Great, May Release Previous Owner Provinces In Hre, The Count Of Charolais And The Edict Of Blood, The Rivalry Of The Mac And Trinh Families, The Creation Of The London Stock Exchange, The Decree Of Indulgence And The Bill Of Test, Adam Smith Publishes The Wealth Of Nations, House Of Lancaster Wins The War Of The Roses, Voltaire Publishes Lettres Philosophiques, Constitutionalism And The General Estates, Statholder Office Is Made Hereditary In Oranien Dynasty, Administrative And Social Reforms Of Mathias Corvinus, Rhodians And Other Greeks Accepted Into The Order, Royal Reaction On The Polish Liberum Veto, Install A Vassal Ruler On Cyprus James Ii, Emissaries Going Through Mamelukes We Can Decide, Turkey Gets Chance To Eliminate Them For Good, The Strategic Decision After Zheng Hos Journey, The Commissioning Of The Saint Peters Basilica, The CounterReformation And The Reformation Of The Catholic Faith, The Nieszawa PrivilegesConventiones Particulares, The Pacta Conventa And The Henrykian Articles, The Sejm Refuse To Allow The Mobilization Of More Troops, Governor Martim Afonso De Sousa In Brazil, King SebastiOs Expedition To North Africa, The Treasury Reform And The Abolishing Of The Kormlenije System, The Russian Orthodox Church Declared Independent Of Constantinople, Full Serfdom Enforced By Sobornoj Ulozjenije, The State Take Control Of The Russian Church, Major Road Constructions In The Highlands, Torquemada And The Expulsion Of The Moors, The Centralization Reforms Of Gustav Vasa, The Military Reforms Of Gustavus Adolphus, The Coup Detat And The Enlightened Despot, Persians Take Advantage Of Ottoman Instability, The Legal Reforms Of Suleyman The Magnificent, The Decentralizing Effect Of The Provincial System, Chance Of Being Triggered When An Heir With A Weak Claim Succeeds To The Throne, On Action Hre Prince Released By The Emperor, On Action Hre Prince Converts To NonEmperor Religion, On Action Hre Prince Converts To Emperors Religion, On Action Hre Member Annexed By NonHre Country, On Action Hre Member Released From NonHre Vassalage, On Action Emperor Coming To The Defense Of A Hre Member, On Action Emperor Not Coming To The Defense Of A Hre Member, On Action Hre Member Takes A Hre Province From An Outside Country In A Peace, People Angered By Our Failure To Wage War, Our Armys Lan Strikes Fear Into The Enemy, Generals Concerned By Our Unmanly Tactics, Popular Enthusiasm For Our Navy Diminishes, Tawaf Arafat Muzdalifah Ramy AlJamarat Eid AlAdha Tawaf AlIfaadah, Policy Changes Ban Alcohol Coffee And Tobacco, Muhammad Salih Tahtawi The Celestial Globe, The Introduction Of New Diseases And Exploitation, Attempt To Convert The Natives Protestantism, Attempt To Convert The Natives Catholicism, Spread Of Diseases As New Colonies Are Established, High Infamy Patriots And Nationalists Seize The Day, Cessation Of Church Functions To Nobility, Prestige Formerly Cultural Tradition Gain, Stability Formerly Cultural Tradition Loss, War Exhaustion Gain Or ArmyNavy Tradition Loss, War Exhaustion Loss Or ArmyNavy Tradition Gain, Relation Boost With A Random Neighbour Country, Church Elders Think The Apocalypse Is Coming, Intolerant Society Large Number Of Heretics, Civil Disorder About To Devolve Into Chaos, Our Mercantilist Policies Strengthen Trade, Merchants Worried About Lack Of Protection, Get A Claim On A Neighbouring Richer Province, Get A Pretender Rising If Low WarExhaustion And Not In A War, Event To Get A Heir Killed And Pretender Rising, Bad Relations If Overlord Is Not Having Strong Aristocracy, Bad Relations If They Have Bad Reputation, Cultural Establishment Resist Westernization, Government Officials Resist Westernization. So I'm currently playing a game as Portugal and am attempting the Macau My Day achievement. Organization of Free Nations Provisional Government of the Congo, More The New Order: Last Days of Europe Wiki. After the dissolution of the Union in 1640, Portugal reestablished its authority over the lost territories of the Portuguese Empire. Antnio exploited the opportunity that the war between Elizabeth and Philip presented in order to convince the English to back an amphibious assault on Portugal in April 1589. iberian socialist union - Reddit post and comment search - SocialGrep Iberian Wars Events - Hearts of Iron 4 Wiki - Paradox Wikis The Iberian Union was the dynastic union of the Crowns of Castile and Aragon and the Kingdom of Portugal that existed between 1580 and 1640 and brought the entire Iberian Peninsula, as well as Portuguese and Spanish overseas possessions, under the Spanish Habsburg monarchs Philip II, Philip III, and Philip IV. Some of the most famous attempts are those of Miguel da Paz, who would inherit the crowns of Portugal, Leon, Castile, and Aragon, but who died at a young age; and those of Afonso, Prince of Portugal, who was to marry the eldest daughter of the Catholic Monarchs, if not for his untimely death by an accident in which he fell off his horse. John Maurice, Prince of Nassau-Siegen, was appointed as the governor of the Dutch possessions in Brazil in 1637 by the Dutch West India Company. [10] Philip was recognized as king by the Cortes of Tomar in 1581, beginning the reign of the House of Habsburg over Portugal. essentials of strength training and conditioning 4th edition pdf best and worst illinois prisons best and worst illinois prisons Despotism on cloud waterproof women's black; finder journal springer; mickey lolich health. The Seventeen Provinces captured a large portion of the Brazilian coast including Bahia (and its capital Salvador) and Pernambuco (and its capital Olinda). Do i need to annex portugal THEN take the focus? The subsequent Portuguese Restoration War against Philip III (Portuguese: Guerra da Restaurao) consisted mainly of small skirmishes near the border. For modern proposals of uniting Iberia, see. Britain has agreed to merge our two nations into one. John IV also organized the army, established the Military Laws of King Sebastian, and developed intense diplomatic activity focused on restoring good relations with England. 2019, Chinese political power struggle events WtT, https://hoi4.paradoxwikis.com/index.php?title=Events&oldid=56503, Play The moment was well chosen, as Philip's troops were at the time fighting the Thirty Years' War in addition to the previously mentioned revolution in Catalonia.[24]. hoi4 tno us presidents guide - hiphen.itlucent.com National Union - Traditionalist Spanish Phalanx and of the Councils of the National Syndicalist Offensive (Unio Nacional - Falange Espaola Tradicionalista y de las Juntas de Ofensiva Nacional Sindicalista/UN-FET-JONS) Separatists: Basque Republic Republic of Catalonia Galician RepublicSupported by: Empire of Japan So you have to pay attention to the modifiers on all the options, not just the option you're trying to maximize. captain robert loft; chase sapphire reserve points value calculator; accident in bamber bridge today. One of these was certainly the pressure from the center, especially from the Count-Duke of Olivares, towards uniformity and sharing the financial and military burden of Castile's wars in Europe. Whilst enacting partial mobilization the event that adds 65+ strength to all my units also made all my (very limited 40) manpower dissapear, which is the opposite reason why I used that event, since I wanted more mp to continue constructing units. The Spaniards lost 8,000 men and all their artillery while the Portuguese had only 2,000 casualties. Description Form the Iberian Union as Spain or Portugal, giving you a new flag, and claims on the entire peninsula. Support ya boi by buying games: https://www.humblebundle.com/store/?partner=takkie Support ya boi by buying games: https://www.humblebundle.com/store/?partner=takkie https://twitter.com/TakkieSenpaihttps://www.twitch.tv/takkiesenpaihttps://www.youtube.com/channel/UCRknQjRwYROrZdrraE-NKEA/jointags:iberian union,portugal,iberian,alex the rambler hoi4,iberia,alex the rambler,eu4 portugal focus tree,soviet union,paradox,playthrough,hoi4 waking the tiger,part 1,hearts of iron 4 waking the tiger,walkthrough,hearts of iron 4,hoi4,hearts of iron iv,gameplay,strategy,kaiserreich,spain,paradox interactive,german union,eu4 portugal colonialism,let's play,the,iberian peninsula,eu4 portugal,game,hoi4 la resistance,hoi4 portugal,hearts of iron,isorrowproductions Hearts of Iron IV > General Discussions > Topic Details. Place Name. hoi4 tno us presidents guide - ober.com.br They, together with several associates, known as the Forty Conspirators, took advantage of the fact that the Castilian troops were occupied in the other side of the Iberian Peninsula. Iberian Union as Portugal? Head of state War between Spain and England led to a deterioration of the relations with Portugal's oldest ally, and the loss of Hormuz. Protests erupted in Madrid as Spain had wasted 25 million ducats on the disastrous Portuguese war. Historical Mode "Restore the Iberian Union" - Paradox Interactive Forums 35% ain't so hot, so how do we boost it further? So using this event for a wargoal is honestly kind of silly, and the best thing to do is just declare on them normally, puppet them, and run the focus afterwards to get cores etc. Interactive corporate website, Please help improve this article or section by. Press J to jump to the feed. Government of National Salvation Side 6: Kingdom of Morocco The Iberian Wars is a potential conflict that can happen if either the Iberian Union fails to maintain stability and represses terrorists. [8] There were many attempts to unite the different kingdoms after Alfonso VII's death in 1109, especially through a policy of intermarriage. Now, the thing is, the base acceptance chance is 5%. Iberian Union - The New Order: Last Days Of Europe Wiki Henry's death was followed by a succession crisis, with three grandchildren of Manuel I claiming the throne: Infanta Catarina, Duchess of Braganza (married to John, 6th Duke of Braganza), Antnio, Prior of Crato, and King Philip II of Spain. Restore the Iberian Union. Specifically LaR_Spain.txt in the Events folder, and look for a comment "# Iberian Union - Event for Portugal" on line 9445. Portuguese Civil War: Republic of PortugalGovernment of National Salvation It violently explodes into multiple factions and conflicts in Portugal, Spain, and Morocco. The Spanish army of 22,600 men was devastated with 4,000 dead and 6,000 captured. As playing as Carlist Spain, I took the Iberian Union focus and went to war with Portugal, but i haven't got anything for the Iberian Union. It may not display this or other websites correctly. Home Realizacje i porady Bez kategorii hoi4 road to 56 formable nations. Ultimately, Philip III tried to make Portugal a royal province, and Portuguese nobles lost all of their power. The Council of Portugal, established in 1582, was integrated with a president and six (later four) counselors, and it was abolished at the end of the war in 1668, when Charles II of Spain gave up his title as King of Portugal. Philip marched into Portugal and defeated the troops loyal to the Prior of Crato in the Battle of Alcntara. hoi4 iberian union event The plot was planned by Anto Vaz de Almada, Miguel de Almeida and Joo Pinto Ribeiro. 50+ Songs in our Original Soundtrack: . If you spot a mistake then you are welcome to fix it. The meetings of the Councils took place in the royal palace, and they did not count on the presence of the king habitually. That's where the oddly specific number 20.83% comes from: 25/(25+95). You must log in or register to reply here. hoi4 road to 56 formable nations . Carlist Spain has the option to propose a union with Portugal in game, which is obviously going to be one of your main post-CW objectives. [7] Sancho III of Navarre and Alfonso VII of Len and Castile had both taken the title Imperator totius Hispaniae, meaning "Emperor of All Hispania". Poland can form a personal union over Lithuania through its " Successor of Wladyslaw III " event. 1021. By rejecting non-essential cookies, Reddit may still use certain cookies to ensure the proper functionality of our platform. It worked for me. EU4 Event IDs Victoria 2 Event IDs News events LaR - Hearts of Iron 4 Wiki - Paradox Wikis Privacy Policy. Needless to say, this is probably my best game yet as Portugal and my closest to the achievement. Iberian Peseta The Iberian Union was the dynastic union of the Crowns of Castile and Aragon and the Kingdom of Portugal that existed between 1580 and 1640 and brought the entire Iberian Peninsula, as well as Portuguese and Spanish overseas possessions, under the Spanish Habsburg monarchs Philip II, Philip III, and Philip IV. TNO Iberian Wars Unification Custom Super Events and Paths It has its own identity, culture, and language and a huge diaspora around the world, not to mention a connection with its former colonies; it's also a sta. The following is a list of all events files as found in the /Hearts of Iron IV/events/ folder. For a better experience, please enable JavaScript in your browser before proceeding. Relating to the particular government of the kingdom of Portugal itself. By rejecting non-essential cookies, Reddit may still use certain cookies to ensure the proper functionality of our platform. HOI4 Event ID List | HOI4 Cheats Both monarchs gave excellent positions to Portuguese nobles in the Spanish courts, and Portugal maintained an independent law, currency, and government. The most significant battles were the Battle of the Lines of Elvas (1659), the Battle of Ameixial (1663), the Battle of Castelo Rodrigo (1664), and the Battle of Montes Claros (1665); the Portuguese were victorious in all of these battles. So, Spain left the administration of Portugal and its empire largely to the Portuguese themselves, under general supervision from Madrid channeled through a viceroy in Lisbon. He landed at Recife, the port of Pernambuco, in January 1637. Unfortunate. rabbi baruch kahane high priest; how to increase lufs without clipping By the time the war with France ended in 1659, the Portuguese military were well established and ready to confront the last major attempt of a worn out Spanish regime to reclaim control. The function of the Council consists in representing close to the king the courts of the Crown of Portugal for the matters that depend on the justice, grace, finally, the economy of the royal Portuguese domain. Brazil was partially conquered by both France and the Seventeen Provinces. This began a war over Brazil, which would see the Dutch establish a colony called New Holland. have improved relations, im pretty sure it doesnt work if you owl all states, but i tried it once when portugal was puppeted and they stil declined, Are you playing on historical? American Quest For Independence. Spanish RepublicSupported by: United States of America Many Spanish communities lost population and blamed their decline on the war against Portugal. From the Restaurao, the Council continued existing, since Philip IV had not recognized the independence of Portugal, and carried out the attending to the faithful Portuguese to the Spanish monarch, and the government of Ceuta.[20]. War with the Dutch led to invasions of many countries in Asia, including Ceylon (today's Sri Lanka), and commercial interests in Japan, Africa (Mina), and South America. Louis XIV sent French troops to Lisbon, and on 17 June 1665 the German General Friedrich Hermann Schomberg led about 20,000 Portuguese forces to victory at Montes Claros near Vila Viosa with only 700 killed and 2,000 wounded. Meanwhile, the best Spanish forces were pre-occupied with their battles against the French in Catalonia, along the Pyrenees, Italy and the Low Countries. All events resulting in a personal union can only fire if the junior partner is AI controlled (e.g. r/hoi4 - Iberian Union - Reddit Combined Syndicates of America - The Kaiserreich Wiki [25] Next, the king created the Junta of the Frontiers, to take care of the fortresses near the border, the hypothetical defense of Lisbon, and the garrisons and sea ports. Antnio had been acclaimed King of Portugal by the people of Santarm on 24 July 1580, and then in many cities and towns throughout the country. French events - Hearts of Iron 4 Wiki - Paradox Wikis Find below a list of all event IDs in EU4. English help provided by Queen Elizabeth I of England in a rebellion against the kings assured the survival of the alliance. Sebastian's granduncle and successor, Cardinal Henry, was 66 years old at the time. Iberia Spoiler: Had no idea this path was in the game - Reddit This event that the "enact partial mobilization" triggers lacks localisation, at least for its title. Formable nations - Hearts of Iron 4 Wiki - Paradox Wikis This largely cripples the nations government, as both sides of the government often dispute one another. Led by Francis Drake and John Norris, the expedition of 120 ships and 19,000 men failed due to poor planning.[11][12][13]. Centro de Investigacin MANES", "A Restaurao Sua Dinmica Scio-poltica", Biblioteca Geral da Universidade de Coimbra, La Condicin Jurdica de "Espaol" Como Producto del Derecho Indiano, Debate Sobre la Identidad de Espaa. Due to the complexity in the management of government, the Spanish Monarch needed some auxiliary bodies, as the Councils (Consejos), dedicated to the advice and resolution of problems, and submitted to the Monarch's knowledge and dictum. The Combined Syndicates of America (CSA) is a coalition of American labor unions and socialist political parties based on the principles of syndicalism and socialism. In this case, I fucked up the big Iberian Council meeting by inviting everyone to the council, who promptly argued with each other and accomplished nothing while . i have double the army (acording to war stats). Forming Iberian Union? : r/hoi4 - Reddit We must continue the nation and union under Salazar and Franco!Mods Used: Player-led Peace Conferences, coloured buttons, colored events, state transfer tool mod, The New Order: Last Days Of EuropeUse The Brave Browser:https://brave.com/mrm978Sign Up for Swagbucks to earn gift cards and other rewards!https://www.swagbucks.com/p/register?rb=43343476

Horley News Stabbing, Jennifer Robertson Gerald Cotten, Va Disability Rating For Arthritis In Shoulder, Articles H