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This is a timeline of Australian history, comprising important legal and territorial changes and political events in Australia and its predecessor states. From the World Wars to the End of the Millennium. Birds unique to Australia also survived, and distinctive trees and plants developed. He was held prisoner for over a year until he finally agreed to leave Australia. From 1949 to 1974 a great civil engineering scheme was built the Snowy Mountains Hydro-electric Scheme. In August 1860 18 men led by Robert Burke (1821-1861) and William Wills (1834-1861) set out on an attempt to cross Australia from north to south. History. The Commonwealth of Australia was formed in 1901 through the federation of six states under a single constitution. Meanwhile, explorers such as Charles Sturt 1795-1869 and Thomas Mitchell 1792-1855 explored the interior of Australia. The first commercial flight in Australia was in 1921 between Geraldton and Derby in Western Australia. Several other navigators, including merchantmen, filled out knowledge of the Bass Strait area; most notable was the discovery of Port Phillip in 1802. At any rate, it was better than hanging! At Federation, six states emerged out of the six colonies, and they retained the establishment of policy and funding for education. The exact number of people killed is not known but it was about 30. Brisbane history links. After 1913 a new capital city was built at Canberra. At the end of the 1920s there was industrial unrest in Australia. Communications also improved with the invention of the telephone. Each people spoke one or more of hundreds of separate languages, with lifestyles and cultural traditions that differed according to the region in which they lived. Australia is an independent Western democracy with a population of more than 22 million. In 1998 the government was forced to amend the 1993 Native Title Act. When made visible, they have been subjects of exhibitions and objects of ridicule. Despite the collapse of the rebellion, all the demands of the rebels were met. Date Event; 60,000 B.C. Nobody knows exactly when the first people came to the continent. Half of these lived in cities, three-quarters were born in Australia, and the majority were … In November–December, having made a great circuit of the seas, Tasman sighted the west coast and anchored off the southeast coast of what he called Van Diemen’s Land (Tasmania). Guide; Forums; Articles; An overview of Canadian history unravels how it has become the young, bilingual and multicultural nation that we see today. But some historians have argued that this glossed a scheme to provide a bastion for British sea power in the eastern seas. Australia in Brief. Quirós won the backing of King Philip III for an expedition under his own command. A Brief Aboriginal History “The very ink with which all history is written is merely fluid prejudice.” Mark Twain. Australia's History Timeline 1992 Australia recognizes Aborigines as "native title" 1988 Bicentennial "celebration of a nation" 1949 first computer CSIR 1 1948 First Australian car - The Holden 1928-1929 Great Barrier Reef Expedition 1932 Sydney Harbor Bridge Opens 1851 Jan. 1, It left Callao, Peru, in December 1605 and reached the New Hebrides. But Quirós’s exultation was brief; troubles forced his return to Latin America. Most important of all was the work of Abel Tasman, who won such respect as a seaman in the Dutch East Indies that in 1642 Governor-General Anthony van Diemen of the Indies commissioned him to explore southward. Colonization. It was rare for settlers to be prosecuted for killing Indigenous Australians. Sydney had about 100,000 people. Australia, once known as New South Wales, was originally planned as a penal colony. A second expedition of 1644 contributed to knowledge of Australia’s northern coast; the Dutch named the new landmass New Holland. Summary ; The Bungle Bungle Range is a part of Purnululu National Park located in the East Kimberley region of Western Australia. The history of Australia is the story of the land and peoples of the continent of Australia.Aboriginal Australians first arrived on the Australian mainland by sea from Maritime Southeast Asia between 40,000 and 70,000 years ago, and penetrated to all parts of the continent, from the rainforests in the north, the deserts of the centre, and the sub-Antarctic islands of Tasmania and Bass Strait. On 1 January 1901, the once independent colonies were formed for the Commonwealth of Australia. The same year, 1928, the flying doctor service began. As fascinating the place it is, its history is even more intriguing. Many more indigenous Tasmanians were killed in the ensuing years. It was on the northern coast, from Arnhem Land to Cape York Peninsula, that more exploration was needed. Australia lies between the Pacific and Indian oceans. At first convicts worked on government land for provisions but from 1793 those who behaved well were freed and given grants of land. Officers and emancipated, or freed, convicts received land from the government and began farming. Two Britons—George Bass, a naval surgeon, and Matthew Flinders, a naval officer—were the most famous postsettlement explorers. This is also the first period of Chinese immigration, with 50,000 Chinese arriving and the establishment of many Chinatowns. As a result of the rebellion quickly collapsed and the ringleaders were hanged. At first things were difficult for the colonists and food was short although Phillip sent a ship to South Africa for more provisions which returned in May 1789. It is very likely that the government had some interest in all these factors. In 1595 Mendaña sailed again but failed to rediscover the Solomons. Australian History Timeline Timeline Description: Australia has been the home to humans for thousands of years, even though it wasn't officially a country until the last few centuries. In Sydney alone 103 people died. In 1834 a man named John Batman decided the site of Melbourne was a good place to found a settlement. Phillip at once established an outstation at Norfolk Island. In the 18th century, convicts were transported to Virginia and Maryland in what is now the USA. Living primarily along the foreshores of the harbour, they fished and hunted in the waters and hinterlands of the area, and harvested food from the surrounding bush. He reached the Torres Strait a few weeks before Torres and named what was later to prove part of the Australian coast—Cape Keer-Weer, on the western side of Cape York Peninsula. Following the 'battle' 120 men were captured and 13 were sent to trial but all were acquitted. This article discusses the history of Australia from the arrival of European explorers in the 16th century to the present. Arthur Calwell, Minister for Immigration said: 'Two Wongs do not make a white'. Herein is a brief summary of Australia’s wildfire history. In 1797 Merino sheep were brought to Australia. By the late 19th century people of European descent vastly outnumbered Indigenous Australians. A court finally overturned the doctrine of 'terra nullius', the idea that Australia did not belong to anybody when the Europeans arrived. However, as an alternative to hanging prisoners were sometimes sentenced to transportation. There were also seal hunters until the 1830s. Australia in Brief. History of Bungle Bungle Range. On May 31, 1942, 3 Japanese midget submarines entered Sydney Harbour. Adelaide had about 115,000 and Brisbane 86,000. On returning to England, he published his Voyages and persuaded the Admiralty to back another venture. In 1809 the British government decided to replace Bligh and in 1810 he was succeeded by Colonel Macquarie. A massive smoke plume rises over the Kybean Valley in New South Wales on Sunday, October 20th. Governor Phillip to Lord Sydney, 13th February 1790, Historical Records of New South Wales, I, ii, pg. Australia : History. Australia History Timeline. Second was Sydney with about 360,000. In 1851 Victoria was made a separate state from New South Wales. It is the largest island – and one of the largest countries – in the world. The School of the Air began in the Alice Springs area in 1951 and television began in Australia in 1956. The Governor of Tasmania from 1824 to 1837 was George Arthur. Australia - Australia - History: This article discusses the history of Australia from the arrival of European explorers in the 16th century to the present. However in 1993 came the Wik judgment, which said that even in the Queensland government leased land to pastoralists the Indigenous Australians still had some right to use the land as long as they did not interfere with the pastoralist activities. In 1901 the population of Australia was 3,370,000. The High Court Of Australia was made the highest court of appeal. The British government showed its interest by backing several voyages. The first humans come to the continent The first people who came to Australia most likely came from South Asia. Aboriginal Canadians are First Nations Métis and Inuits who occupied Canada long before Europeans had even set foot in the country. For a more detailed discussion of Aboriginal culture, see Australian Aboriginal peoples. William Bligh, the famous captain of the Bounty, was made governor in 1806. Transportation was a relatively humane punishment. In northern Australia at the beginning of World War II, an English aristocrat inherits a cattle station the size of Maryland. The count de La Pérouse, another French explorer, made no actual discoveries in Australia but visited Botany Bay early in 1788. Australia : History. This became the basis of Australia's basic wage. From 430,000 in 1851 the population of Australia rose to 1.2 million in 1861. To read about the background to these events, see History of Australia. From the end of the 19th century until the 1960s half-caste children were taken away from their parents and in 1918 a law forbade a man of European descent to live with an Indigenous woman. Australia's history. Meanwhile European settlement spread to other parts of Australia. New Zealand and Australian troops supported British and French soldiers in an attempt to capture the Gallipoli Peninsula (in modern-day Turkey). Marion Dufresne of France skirted Tasmania in 1772, seeing more than had Tasman. By 1830 the figure had reached 1 million. In the 1950s and 1960s there was full employment and affluence. On November 11 1975 the governor-general dismissed the Australian government, which caused much controversy. The second governor of Australia was John Hunter 1795-1800. Likewise, Muslim voyagers who visited and settled in Southeast Asia came within 300 miles (480 km) of Australia, and adventure, wind, or current might have carried some individuals the extra distance. The History of Australia to 1901 Slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. Australian History on the Internet A useful guide by the National Library of Australia. In 2008 Quentin Bryce became the first woman Governor-General of Australia. Some have seen a purely strategic purpose in settlement, but others have postulated an intent to use the colony as a springboard for economic exploitation of the area. Under King, the first colonists settled in Van Diemen's Land (Tasmania) in 1803. Then in 1907, a court case ended in the Harvester Judgement which said that an unskilled workman should earn at least 7 shillings for an 8 hour day. Queensland grew from a settlement at Moreton Bay, which was founded in 1824. The Australian population was 19,222,000 in 1999, spread across 7,713,364 square kilometers of land. Western Australia was founded in 1829. That, of course, did not happen. At that time rum was used as currency in Australia. Sydney Opera House, a symbol of modern Australia, opened in 1973. Sydney became the first Australian city to have a population of 1 million in 1922. Harris, J. The Anzacs were withdrawn in December 1915 having suffered nearly 8,000 casualties. It is an island nation that comprises the Australian continent as well as the island of Tasmania and some other small islands. In 1791 the British navigator George Vancouver traversed and described the southern shores discovered by Pieter Nuyts years before. The worst wildfires in Australian history killed at least 181 people in the state of Victoria, injured more than a hundred, and destroyed more than 900 houses in Feb. 2009. However in the 1890s Australia suffered a recession, which was compounded by drought in the late 1890s. Viceroys of Spain’s American empire regularly sought new lands. The next day they fought a 'battle' with government soldiers. Culture. When they reached Menindee in October 1860 Burke split the expedition. History of Australia. A man named William Brahe was left in charge of the supplies at Cooper's Creek. The middle decades of the 18th century saw much writing about the curiosities and possible commercial value of the southern seas and terra australis incognita. Eventually a preacher named George Robinson agreed to try and persuade the remaining indigenous people to go to a reservation on Flinders Island. Australia lies between the Pacific and Indian oceans. The first humans come to the continent Bass ventured farther south in 1797–98, pushing around Cape Everard to Western Port. In 1940 Anzacs were sent to North Africa where they played a vital role. By 1825 the White population of Australia was about 25,000 while Tasmania had a population of about 4,500. The government of Gough Whitlam is plagued by resignations and the blocking of its budget by the upper house of the parliament. For the most part, Australia’s history is founded on the convict past. Phillip therefore sailed northward on January 21 and entered a superb harbour, Port Jackson, which Cook had marked but not explored. In 1949 the National Citizenship Act made Australians no longer citizens of the UK and colonies but citizens of Australia. History of the Australian nation – State Library of NSW Archived 2007-11-22 at the Wayback Machine; The Australian History page at Project Gutenberg of Australia; Bush Poetry a source of Australian History Archived 2008-01-13 at the Wayback Machine; An Aborigine on his understanding of tradition This page was last changed on 16 March 2021, at 03:44. About 300 indigenous people stumbled onto a European camp while hunting kangaroo and soldiers fired at them. History of Australia. Onboard were 759 convicts, most of them men with sailors and marines to guard the prisoners. An important shipbuilding industry also grew up in Hobart in the mid-19th century. Meanwhile, in the late 19th century Polynesians came to work in the sugar fields in the North. First and second waves of postwar immigration, The ascendance of Australian popular culture. In 1993 the government passed the Native Title Bill to clarify rights to ownership of land. Onboard were 759 convicts, most of them men with sailors and marines to guard the prisoners. On 13 May 1787, a fleet of 11 ships set sail from Portsmouth, England. One of them managed to sink a store ship, HMAS Kuttabul with the loss of 21 lives. The first colonists came ashore at Port Jackson on 26 January 1788. Late in 1605 Willem Jansz (Janszoon) of Amsterdam sailed aboard the Duyfken from Bantam in the Dutch East Indies in search of New Guinea. There were about 750.000 people in the country. Those Asians who had fled to Australia during the war were deported. There was also a railway boom in Australia in the late 19th century. The water would then flow into rivers for irrigation. There were 1 million sheep in Tasmania. This is a timeline of its existence. Food was rationed and the rations were anything but generous. Most of the centre of the country is covered by desert. For one thing, inflation rose. The First Fleet sailed on May 13, 1787, with 11 vessels, including 6 transports, aboard which were about 730 convicts (570 men and 160 women). Cook’s voyages led to settlement but did not complete the exploration of the Australian coasts. Amanda Briney. The Aborigines; European Settlement Captain Cook; A Colony of Convicts: The First Fleet; The Gold Rush; The 20th Century. When he returned to England he took samples of Australian plants and animals. At first, the settlers lived in simple wooden huts but later convicts made bricks for houses. The Aboriginal people lived off the land, they hunted, fished and picked berries. However, after that year, things got better and by the late 1930s unemployment had fallen to about 10%. The government introduced licenses for gold miners. Updated October 03, 2019. It shares no land borders with any other country. Federation; The White Australia Policy; Australia at War: The ANZAC Legend; The 21st Century and Australia’s Immigration Policy . Hobart was much smalle… Some 60,000 Australian men died in the First World War. Whatever the deeper motivation, plans went ahead, with Lord Sydney (Thomas Townshend), secretary of state for home affairs, as the guiding authority. On the other hand gold was found in Western Australia in 1882. History of Australia. It was followed by Melbourne University in 1853 and Adelaide University in 1874. Throughout history, people with disability have been ignored, hidden and cursed. In 1851 gold was discovered and chaos erupted. Another find in 1892 led to a gold rush. Australia is a very new and a very old country. By 1932 unemployment in Australia was 29%. The Ottoman Empire entered the war on the side of the Central Powers. In 1835 he made a treaty with the Indigenous Australians in which he gave them trade goods for land. Telephone exchanges opened in Melbourne and Brisbane (1880), Sydney (1881), Adelaide, Hobart and Launceston (1883) and Perth (1887). By 1850 half of all wool woven in Britain came from Australia/Tasmania. Sheep ranches were particularly popular. The discovery of gold in Australia (in Bathurst first, then Ballarat in 1851) kickstarted the economy and created the idea of Australia as a desirable location. On 9 February 1861 Burke, Wills, Gray and King reached a salty creek and realised they were near the sea. of Australia. For most of this long time, the first Australians (or Aboriginal people) were completely isolated from the rest of the world. After 1975 the period of growth and prosperity in Australia came to an end. On 2 December 1854, they erected a stockade at Eureka Lead. He (and some later Roman Catholic historians) saw this as the discovery of the southern land. It has now destroyed an area seven times the size of Singapore. Only King survived as he was rescued by Indigenous Australians. It is the largest island – and one of the largest countries – in the world. Alternative Title: Commonwealth of Australia. 1. Treatment of Indigenous Australians improved. Due to its isolation from the rest of the world, Australia was an uninhabited island until about 60,000 years... Government. Only South Australia is excluded from this history. Society has been ‘dealing’ with the ‘problem of people with disability by placing them in institutions or prisons and by sterilising women and girls as an acceptable treatment. Resentment grew and on 17 October 1854, the Eureka Hotel was burned. During the Age of Exploration, the land was discovered and mapped by many Europeans including the Spanish, Dutch and English. In 2006 it was estimated that the indigenous population was about 500,000 - about the same as it was when Europeans first arrived in Australia at the end of the 18th century. Australia is a country of striking landscapes, a rich ancient culture and one of the world's strongest economies. Because of the hot climate, there were also sugar plantations. That would enable the British and French to open a sea route to their ally Russia. In 1803 there may have been about 8,000 people in Tasmania. Darwin was founded in 1869. Australia in Brief provides an authoritative overview of Australia's history, the land, its people and their way of life. Sydney was founded in 1788 when the first fleet arrived in Australia from England. Australia Encyclopædia Britannica, … For a short time, the newcomers lived peacefully with the Aboriginal people. The first, that of the HMS Endeavour, left England in August 1768 and had its climax on April 20, 1770, when a crewman sighted southeastern Australia. Meanwhile The Australian National University was founded in 1946. After 1945 the Australian economy boomed. Second was Sydney with about 360,000. When the first convicts and their guards were sent to Australia they were enjoined to 'live in amity and kindness' with the Indigenous Australians. He moved the fleet there; the flag was hoisted on January 26 and the formalities of government begun on February 7. A turning point in Australian history came in 1992 with the Mabo Judgement. Arthur Phillip was commander of the expedition; he was to take possession of the whole territory from Cape York to Tasmania, westward as far as 135° and eastward to include adjacent islands. Burke and Wills both died of starvation. They were followed by the timber workers in 1929 and miners in 1929-1930. Date Event; 60,000 B.C. In 1861 Melbourne was the largest city with a population of about 125,000. They had 1 horse and 6 camels. Sydney was founded in 1788 when the first fleet arrived in Australia from England. By 1820 there 100,000 sheep in Australia. Flinders was in that region early in 1798, charting the Furneaux Islands. Australia is closely knit into the world economy and is an active middle power in world politics. Captain Phillip left Australia in December 1792. Documenting a Democracy - Australia's story The (hi)story of Australia's Democracy. They were forced to eat the horse and some of the camels. That enabled them to spread inland. Australia is a land of contrasts, as you’ll soon see, among myriad other things. A BRIEF HISTORY OF SYDNEY, AUSTRALIA. Federation The 1stof January 1901 saw Australia become an independent nation, ushering in a new era of autonomy for the 6 former British colonies. He also took two indigenous people. For a more detailed discussion of Aboriginal culture, see Australian Aboriginal peoples. Meanwhile William Brahe waited at Coopers Creek until 21 April. Brisbane was founded in 1825. The indigenous people fought 'hit and run' raids and parties of Europeans went out to kill Indigenous Australians. Australian officials were criticized for failing to evacuate those in danger. Bathurst and Goulburn followed it in 1833. Documenting a Democracy - Australia's story The (hi)story of Australia's Democracy. A second rebellion, the rum rebellion occurred in 1808. The first colonists came ashore at Port Jackson on 26 January 1788. However, he was eventually shot. Squatters, also known as settlers, ventured farther into the Australian interior, disrupting the Aborigines even more. 308 The surviving people agreed to go there. Land was cheap and work was plentiful. Meanwhile in September 1942 Australians fought in New Guinea and pushed back the Japanese army. Australia in Brief provides an authoritative overview of Australia's history, the land, its people and their way of life. Its history was to be checkered; settlement was abandoned in 1813 and revived in 1825 to provide a jail for convicts who misbehaved in Australia. The Aborigi n es. Australia is a land of contrasts, as you’ll soon see, among myriad other things. However when Japan entered the war in December 1942 Australia herself was in danger. The Anzacs were then sent to the Western Front. This was much resented especially when the price was raised and the police carried out 'hunts' to find license dodgers. The fleet reached Botany Bay on January 19–20, 1788. He traversed the western coast for 1,000 miles (1699–1700) and reported more fully than any previous explorer, but he did so in terms so critical of the land and its people that another hiatus resulted. The new federal system of governance divided power between the national (Commonwealth) government and the new state governments. From only about 4,500 in 1820 it grew to 57,000 in 1861 and 115,000 in 1881. It has a large mountain range that runs down its east coast. Scientists think that the first Australians arrived on the continent ca. In 1825 Tasmania was separated from Australia for administrative purposes. By 1840 the white population of Australia was about 160,000. Then in February 1942, the Japanese began air raids on Darwin. Cattle were very important to the northern economy. Of the 12 men, 11 were brought to justice. Two Admiralty expeditions—under Phillip Parker King (1817–22) and John Clements Wickham (1838–39)—filled this gap. The University of Tasmania was founded in 1890. Cattle were very important to the northern economy. Its closest neighbours are New Zealand to the east and Papua New Guinea to the north. The Netherlands spent little more effort in exploration, and the other great Protestant power in Europe, England, took over the role. A brief history of Aboriginal Australians. Canada - Culture. However soon after he set sail Bligh decided to return. There was a huge demand for their wool in England. The waterside workers went on strike in 1928-29. One of the leaders of indigenous resistance was Pemulwuy who fought the British from 1790 to 1802. Self-sufficient and harmonious, they had no need to travel far from their lands, since the resources about them were so abundant, and trade with other tribal groups was well established. However during the early morning of 3 December 1854 soldiers and police attacked the stockade. The National Archives of Australia We care for valuable Commonwealth government records and make them available for present and future generations to use. In the late 1940s 'displaced people' left homeless after the war in Europe were welcome in Australia. Both Arab and Chinese documents tell of a southern land, but with such inaccuracy that they scarcely clarify the argument. During the Second World War Australia once again joined Britain in fighting Germany. The land was indifferent, disease and pests abounded, few convicts proved able labourers, and Aboriginal people were often hostile. Over 25 years 16 dams were built, 12 tunnels, and 7 power stations. When Singapore fell in February 1942 16,000 Australians were captured. Furthermore from the 1850s Chinese people came to work in Australia. Participation in World War II helped Australia forge closer ties to the United States. 2003, "Hiding the Bodies: the myth of the humane colonisation of Australia", in Journal of Aboriginal History, Vol. Brief Overview of the History of Australia. At any rate on 13 May 1787 a fleet of 11 ships set sail from Portsmouth. By 1901 the population of Australia was over 3.7 million and it was growing rapidly. The Effects of British Colonization on the Aboriginal People of Australia. Bligh forbade this. The men swore an oath to defend their rights and liberties. Meanwhile Australia had gained its first universities. It is one of the world’s most urbanised countries, with about 70 per cent of the population living in the 10 largest cities. Finally, in 1982 all appeals to the British courts were ended. The White Australia Policy Beginning as early as the Gold Rush era, when Chinese miners were made to pay a tax their European counterparts were exempt from, the White Australia policy refers to a broad set of laws t… 40,000 years ago. In 2010 Julia Gillard became the first woman Prime Minister of Australia. In the late 19th century Northern Australia began to grow. Following his reports including a short Aboriginal history along with plants discovered on his voyage the British decided to make Australia a penal colony. One such expedition, from Peru in 1567, commanded by Álvaro de Mendaña, discovered the Solomon Islands. On 13 May 1787, a fleet of 11 ships set sail from Portsmouth, England. Share 1 of 9. Melbourne followed it in 1928. In the 19th century, there was a whaling industry in the Bass Strait. Hopes flourished for a mighty empire of commerce in the eastern seas. In 1928 a Queenslander named Bert Hinkler (1892-1933) made the first solo flight from Britain to Australia. There were also many immigrants from Southern and Eastern Europe. Darwin was founded in 1869. France sponsored an expedition, similar in intent to Flinders’s, at the same time. Workers from more than 30 nations toiled on the scheme. Intermittent 'warfare' between Europeans and indigenous people continued for decades. Australia, formally the Commonwealth of Australia, is a country and sovereign state in the southern hemisphere, located in Oceania.Its capital city is Canberra, and its largest city is Sydney.. Australia is the sixth biggest country in the world by land area, and is part of the Oceanic and Australasian regions. Appropriately, Flinders urged that the name Australia replace New Holland, and this change received official backing from 1817. 27, pg. In 1872 an overland telegraph was made from Darwin to Adelaide. Cook landed several times, most notably at Botany Bay and at Possession Island in the north, where on August 23 he claimed the land, naming it New South Wales. Over the next three years Flinders proved equal to this task. Also, the first free settlers arrived in 1793.

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