why was france a threat to elizabeth in 1558

You may use the following in your answer: France and Elizabeth's legitimacy (16 marks) 'Religion was the main cause of the . Elizabeth was in debt, she was unmarried and therefore had no alliances to help her counter the Auld Alliance (which would have been a concern even if Mary Queen of Scots and Prince Francis were not married and even if Mary had no claim to the throne). When Mary, Queen of Scots arrived in England in 1568, replacing Elizabeth with Mary became a realistic possibility. 806 8067 22 Registered Office: Imperial House, 2nd Floor, 40-42 Queens Road, Brighton, East Sussex, BN1 3XB, Taking a break or withdrawing from your course. The war against France ended in 1559, and following Elizabeths accession, they tried to maintain good relations between the two countries. Save. threats did Elizabeth face in 1558? The aim was to rid France of heresy (Protestantism). Between the period between 1577 and 1580, Drake sailed around the world and carried out a number of raids on Spanish settlements and ships. Boston House, Dedicated to. LS23 6AD Company Reg no: 04489574. Humiliatingly, Elizabeth had to confirm the loss of Calais, which had been an English possession since 1347. He even came to England to meet Elizabeth and she even announced before some of her courtiers that she would marry him. - navy to firth of Forth. Marriage to a foreign prince would ensure a foreign alliance and would have strengthened England against threats from abroad. Foreign threat: Spain and France were the most powerful countries in Europe and were Catholic. They never met with the Duke of Parma and were forced to sail around the British Isles. W ith the first female vice president taking office in the US, and female leaders around the world excelling despite a global crisis, it's hard to imagine why women have been wildly underrepresented in leadership for so long. why was france a threat to elizabeth in 1558 - Dovskapets.com Phillip II of Spain was reluctant to destroy his alliance with Elizabeth and therefore his support for the plots were heart-hearted. . Charles Neville, 6th Earl of Westmorland was part of the rebellion against Queen Elizabeth. The evidence was enough to persuade Elizabeth to put Mary on trial and eventually execute her for treason. This Papal Bull meant that the loyalty of English Catholics towards Elizabeth was now always in doubt and placed a wedge between the English Catholics monarch and their faith. - Financial issues may have led to her loosing powerful allies as she could not give important people grant patronages. The Netherlands had been part of the Spanish empire since the 1550s. In 1568 Elizabeth also controversially stole gold from Spanish ships (which was loaned from Genoese banks to fund the Spanish army, against the Dutch rebels) that were staying at English ports. It was the only major threat to Henry's security as monarch. In 1569, one of the wealthiest landowners in England, the Duke of Norfolk concocted a plan to marry Mary, Queen of Scots and have her recognised as Elizabeths heir. West Yorkshire, He would often return with huge amounts of treasure for Queen Elizabeth. Mary became the inspiration for frequent revolts and rebellions, as it suddenly appeared possible that Elizabeth could be realistically replaced by a legitimate Catholic heir. This included: 1) the Act of Supremacy which stated that Elizabeth was Head of the Church, 2) the Act of Uniformity which set out expectations for church appearances and church services and 3) Royal Injunctions a set of instructions reinforcing the Acts of Supremacy and Uniformity. The Student Room and The Uni Guide are both part of The Student Room Group. Spymaster and Secretary of State from 1573 Francis Walsingham uncovered the plot. This meant that England had suffered economically as they were not generating any income from Calais. Spain had become a great military power as Phillip ruled Spain, the Netherlands and parts of Italy. The imprisonment owed to her likely involvement in the murder of her second husband, Lord Darnley. On the show, Francis has a tumultuous relationship with his wife, Mary, and their inability to conceive a child is a major source of conflict between them. One was debt. Tel: +44 0844 800 0085. Drake himself described the raid as Singeing the King of Spains beard. When Elizabeth's reign began in 1558 England was in the middle of a 'mid-Tudor crisis'. How serious a threat was Mary Queen of Scots to Elizabeth's rule? This meant that Elizabeth was declared illegitimate as her claim to the throne comes through the marriage of Anne to Henry. English canons could also be reloaded more quickly than the Spanish ones allowing them to inflict greater damage. The strength of this relationship was shown by the fact that French troops were stationed on the English and Scottish border. The most formidable female leaders in history - Stars Insider Italian bankers from Genoa had lent Philip II money to fund his campaign in the Netherlands (which was trying to put down the Dutch Revolt). Elizabeth I: a biography. Spain depended on large ships which were heavy and difficult to handle whereas the English built long, narrow ships that were faster and easier to handle. Seeing Spain as a threat, Elizabeth tried to form an alliance with France. The Catholic threat Many Catholics in England were not happy with Elizabeth's Settlement. However, the Dutch had always governed themselves. Upon his arrival, he accepted the position of Governor-General which proved to be a big mistake as it suggested that Elizabeth had taken control of the Netherlands. Foreign Policy 1553 to 1558 - History Learning Site Even though a truce was decided, there was still a constant threat from the Scots and French to the English security . The child cried when he saw the _______ of his favorite toy in the driveway. At the start of her reign in 1558, Elizabeth faced many problems it was a very tumultuous time for her. One fact that should not be ignored from 1566 was the increasing role of the Pope and his determination to undermine Elizabeth. - I partly agree with the statement as both France and Spain were powerful Catholic countries, who could unite against Protestant England. Approximately 30 ships were destroyed and tonnes of supplies were also seized including food and weapons. Elizabeth I is by many historians considered one of England's greatest ever monarchs, which heralded the 'golden age' in English history. After his death, his two sons Harold and Hardicanute took over the throne in succession. Phillip was warned against this mission but believed he was on a mission from God. Thereafter, up to 11,000 English Catholics were either arrested or placed under surveillance. Spain and France were also involved in these plots and so there was always the danger of a foriegn invasion. Native American hostility occurred from the start, however. Looking back at historical examples, it might be because they did a . In 1595 Elizabeth had to deal with a rebellion in Ireland led by Tyrone and O'Donnell. In response to the Throckmorton Plot, Elizabeths advisors drafted the Bond of Association, which was aimed at deterring any further plots. - Quite a significant political threat as both France and Spain had the power to invade England. Elizabeth I | Hampton Court Palace | Historic Royal Palaces Write a paragraph or two. Most of the new ships were being built in the deepwater port Portuguese port of Lisbon which was protected by strong fortifications. France however, thought her intention was to create war between France and Spain while England looked on. However, Elizabeth was fearful that a foreign husband would have not put the needs of England first. Tel: +44 0844 800 0085. Elizabeth I was Queen of England and Ireland from 17th November 1558 to 24th March 1603. [Relative comparison made to inform the judgement here shows instantly criteria are being established, helping to signpost the rest of the answer.]. [This summary of factors helps re- establish conceptual focus]. Elizabeth and the Netherlands Issue - 1576-1584 (GCSE Example - Tutor2u A significant amount of the Spanish troops lacked the experience of naval warfare, whereas the English fleet was manned by experienced sailors. Another reason Dudley failed was a number of his officers were divided over questions of strategy. Died: 24 March 1603. All Catholic priests are ordered to leave the country. From there we will look at the career . Boston House, The victory over the Spanish boosted Elizabeths popularity and strengthened the Protestant cause as it was a sign that God favoured Protestantism. Elizabeth I and Finances - History Learning Site On the death of Mary and the accession of Elizabeth, many hard-line Protestants returned from mainland Europe (where they had fled for their own safety during the reign of Mary) in the full expectation that they were returning to a state where Protestantism was the one and only . Explain why Mary, Queen of Scots, was a threat to the reign of The Spanish plan to meet the Duke of Parma at Dunkirk was seriously flawed. Born: 7 September 1533. There are 4 main exam boards used in the UK. When Mary I died in 1558, England and Spain were allies in a war against France. Therefore, I disagree with the statement. The threat posed by the pretenders Perkin Warbeck and Lambert Simnel. In the eyes of the Spanish, Drake was a pirate however in the eyes of the English and Elizabeth, he was a patriot. However, the Privy Council had put huge pressure on Elizabeth to marry and urged her to take a husband in late 1559, which suggests that the Privy Council would have agreed on a suitor had there been someone suitable as they realised the importance of securing a Protestant English throne and the Tudor dynasty, and perhaps it was this lack of a suitable suitor that caused Elizabeth to remain . Describe two features of Mary Queen of Scots' threat to Elizabeth I. Tudor Rebellions: Causes & Timeline - Video & Lesson Transcript - Study.com For example, from 1567, Elizabeth allowed the Dutch sea beggars to shelter in English harbours (from where they then attacked Spanish ships in the English Channel who were making their way with men and materiel to support Albas mission). This risked provoking King Phillip further and to avoid this, Elizabeth forced Dudley to resign his position immediately. In 1568, a final blow came when some Spanish ships were blown off course into English waters, and the English seized them. The traditional bonds between England and Spain were deteriorating and England needed the support of France for protection from Spain. "the threat of invasions was Elizabeth's main problem when she became queen in 1558" - 4th explanation - Most significant problem she faced as if she didn't have money she couldn't defend England against invasions. The invasion failed, however. The Ridolfi Plot of 1571 and later the Throckmorton and Babington Plots, of 1583 and 1586 respectively, all involved the aim of placing Mary on the throne. When Elizabeth I came to the throne in 1558, she inherited a difficult financial situation and a debt of 227,000. The relationship with Spain and King Phillip II was at a low point in 1587 as the two countries were at war over the Netherlands. The Throckmorton plot was a conspiracy to assassinate Queen Elizabeth and replace her with Mary, Queen of Scots in 1583. Boston House, After inheriting the throne from her sister Mary I, Elizabeth was 300,000 in debt. As King Phillip II ruled the Netherlands, he had control over the access to these vital Dutch ports and he could, therefore, limit English access. DOCX www.oasisacademywintringham.org If you would like to change your settings or withdraw consent at any time, the link to do so is in our privacy policy accessible from our home page.. The fear of a Catholic uprising and a plot against Elizabeth was a constant threat to her. Elizabeth was actually popular which meant those conspiring to overthrow her lacked public support. 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During this journey, they encountered several powerful Atlantic storms and this resulted in many ships sinking or being wrecked on the Scottish and Irish coasts. Queen Elizabeth had become aware of this plan and in 1587, sent her most successful privateer, Sir Francis Drake, to spy on Spanish preparations and attack their ships and supplies. Time line for foreign policy 1559- 1571. Not many Englishmen were granted licenses and therefore Elizabeth would encourage privateers, men who sailed their own ships, to trade illegally with the Spanish colonies. He was younger than Elizabeth but their union was based on a mutual need for France and England to form an alliance. The Northern Earls staged a rebellion (1569) centred around Mary, aiming to depose Elizabeth and crown Mary, raising tension between the two monarchs. LS23 6AD This was due to the actions of her father, Henry VIII, in 1533. Can I give a retake in the feb/march if I had given my exams in the may/June series. Elizabeth had also reduced the power of the northern nobles and increased her own control over the north through the Council of the North, which helped govern the area. Another suitor for Elizabeth was Prince Eric of Sweden, later King Eric of Sweden. Phillip was warned against this mission but believed he was on a mission from God. Elizabeth had been in power for eight years by 1566 and it was at this time that the Catholic threat began to increase. John White (another leading colonist) sailed back to England to report on the problems being experienced. Another problem Elizabeth I had when she ascended to the throne in 1558 was the problems she had with illegitimacy. The execution of Mary, Queen of Scots eventually took place on 8th February 1587. Apply for student finance without a bank account? Some Vikings fled to France to establish a colony called Normandy. Elizabeth and Philipthese two powerful peoplewould begin their relationship peacefully, even warmly, but they would become enemies, facing off in a battle of empires and faiths that would . There was also a fear that France and Scotland, alongside Spain, could launch an invasion of England as part of a greater Catholic crusade against the rogue English Protestant nation. These ensured the plots were uncovered before they could be fully developed. This was important because it demonstrated the strength of Catholic feeling within England and highlighted how Elizabeth, after 11 years, was still vulnerable to English Catholics. In 1558, England lost its final possession - the port of Calais - in France. The relative strength of France and weakness of England was further compounded by the fact that Elizabeth had to recognize the loss of Calais to France under the Treaty of Cateau-Cambresis in 1559, following a disastrous English military campaign under the reign of Elizabeths predecessor, Mary I. Calais had been in English hands since 1347. We and our partners use data for Personalised ads and content, ad and content measurement, audience insights and product development. This peace treaty between England and France ended the war inherited by Elizabeth from her half-sister Mary I, who went to war alongside her Spanish husband Philip II in 1557. He plotted a Spanish invasion of England, which would involve the killing of Elizabeth and the placing of Mary, Queen of Scots on the throne. However, the settlement was abandoned and no trace of the colonists was ever found. "the threat of invasions was Elizabeth's main problem when she became queen in 1558" - introduction. Two influential Catholic families the Percys and the Nevilles plotted alongside the Duke of Norfolk to overthrow Elizabeth and replace her with the Catholic, Mary, Queen of Scots (who now resided in England). English sailors land at Roanoke to find it abandoned. "the threat of invasions was Elizabeth's main problem when she became queen in 1558" - 1st explanation. The Student Room and The Uni Guide are trading names of The Student Room Group Ltd. Register Number: 04666380 (England and Wales), VAT No. Doodle's Point of View The threat of France to Elizabeth's rule - BBC Bitesize Many colonists this time were poverty-stricken Londoners (it was felt they would be used to hard work and would therefore be happy to work for a new life in the New World). Pick a key scene from the story and tell it from the third-person limited point of view, through Doodle's senses and feelings. Mary was spared. [This last point is important and often students dont embrace the anomalies for fear that it will undermine their argument. As such, I disagree with the statement. As the closest person to God in the eyes of the Catholics, obeying the Pope was of paramount importance and this meant Elizabeth had to be suspicious of other Catholic threats at home. Nevertheless, the answer has sustained conceptual focus and is wide-ranging in its analysis. The plots to overthrow Elizabeth failed for a number of reasons such as: Elizabeth was actually popular which meant those conspiring to overthrow her lacked public support. Spouse: None. If Elizabeth made England a Protestant country, he could become a dangerous enemy. Tel: +44 0844 800 0085. The powerful countries in Europe at that time - France and Spain - were Catholic and the plots against Elizabeth often . There were French troops in Scotland, and this posed a problem for Elizabeth and the security of England because England was still technically at war with France. Describe two features of the threats posed to Elizabeth in 1558 3. Best Answer. Philip IIs decision to reorganise the Dutch government and church angered both the Dutch Catholics and the Protestants. Elizabeth seized the gold which angered King Phillip and in response, he seized English ships that were in Antwerp. Sir Francis Drake and the raid on Cadiz: `Singeing the King of Spains beard. Queen Elizabeth showed no mercy to the rebels and the Earl of Northumberland along with 400 rebel troops were executed while the Earl of Westmorland fled abroad. Throughout her reign, Elizabeth was engaged in expensive financial issues, especially foreign policy. They were also fearful that France would rekindle their loyalty to Scotland and threaten England from the north and south together. This caused panic among the Spanish sailors, who cut their anchor cables and broke their defensive formation as they headed for the open sea. He then banned English trade with the Netherlands for a period of time which damaged Englands economy and caused much hardship for the English people. Spain and France were the major European powers. In the eyes of the Church of England, Henry and Catherine were divorced and then Henry could marry Anne. Elizabeth I - reigned from 1558-1603 Elizabeth I's first rebellion to deal with was the Shane O'Neill Rebellion, which occurred in Ireland and lasted from 1558-1567. The relative strength of France and weakness of England was further compounded by the fact that Elizabeth had to recognize the loss of Calais to France under the Treaty of Cateau-Cambresis in 1559, following a disastrous English military campaign under the reign of Elizabeth's predecessor, Mary I. Calais had been in English hands since 1347. August 8th: Battle of Gravelines fireships caused the Spanish fleet to scatter. The news of the rebellion caused widespread. In 1554 Mary had Elizabeth imprisoned in the Tower of London, briefly threatened her with execution, and then placed her under house arrest. 2002-2023 Tutor2u Limited. Elizabeth would receive a share of the privateers profits and as Englands financial situation was poor at the time, this proved to be an incredibly important source of income for the Queen. Elizabeth, however, did not sign the death warrant until February 1587. The plot was uncovered by Sir Francis Walsingham, who intercepted and read Babingtons letters to Mary. To what extent should changes in the relationship between monarchy and

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