what is the radius of the earth in meters

[2] The radius of Earth at the equator is 3,963 miles (6,378 kilometers), according to NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland. Scholars have interpreted Aristotle's figure to be anywhere from highly accurate[20] to almost double the true value. How to Calculate the Circumference of the Earth? The cookies is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Necessary". Each of the models in common use involve some notion of the geometric radius. ( A meter is a meter, no matter what your zoom level is. r , Length in km of 1 of latitude = always 111.32 km Length in km of 1 of longitude = 40075 km * cos ( latitude ) / 360 Share Follow edited Jul 21, 2022 at 14:03 answered Sep 16, 2016 at 21:29 Example 2. First week only $6.99! Well, the Moon is not always the same distance away from Earth. Earths Equatorial Radius to Meter Conversion TableEarths Equatorial RadiusMeter (m)0. Though he did not have instant communications as we do now, he was able to determine the angle of the suns rays in Alexandria at the same time, which was about 7.2 degrees. Convert the Earth-Sun distance of 93,000,000 miles into. This value is between 6,378 km, particularly around the equator and about 6,357 km at the poles. Earth's polar radius is 3950 miles (Diameter = 7900 miles). 752 km (3949. The planet's rotation causes it to bulge at the equator. Because these measurements are not done with more sensitive equipment, the radius calculation will be only approximate. But opting out of some of these cookies may affect your browsing experience. And we end up with 12.6 meters per second , Firearm muzzle velocities range from approximately 120 m/s (390 ft/s) to 370 m/s (1,200 ft/s) in black powder muskets, to more than 1,200 m/s (3,900 ft/s) in modern rifles with high-velocity cartridges such as the , Summary. He noticed that the difference in the angle of a shadow in his location at Syene, which is present-day Aswan in Egypt, and that of a shadow in Alexandria was about 7. How do you use the Pythagorean Theorem to find the radius of the earth? Furthermore, the bulge in the equator shows slow variations. where may be the angular frequency, G may be the gravitational constant, and M may be the mass from the planet. This requires an elliptic integral to find, given the polar and equatorial radii: The rectifying radius is equivalent to the meridional mean, which is defined as the average value of M:[14]. A cylinder has a radius of 8 meters. The expedition found that Newton's conjecture was correct:[30] the Earth is flattened at the poles due to rotation's centrifugal force. Geodetic ellipsoids are better suited to regional idiosyncrasies of the geoid. As a consequence of this, the polar radius is closer to 6,356.7 kilometers. Mass of planet M = 8 x mass of earth = 8 x 6 x 10 24 kg. Step 2 of 5. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. The diameter is the distance from side to side, if you. , (b) Repeat part (a) with the sun in place of the earth. Of course, no one is claiming the size of Earth has actually changed. Tack one end of a piece of string to the top of the stick. Definitions and Formulas. {\displaystyle w^{2}=\lambda ,}. 2013-09-16 00:47:38. 6378 X 2 = 12 756 km. A nominal Earth radius is sometimes used as a unit of measurement in astronomy and geophysics, which is recommended by the International Astronomical Union to be the equatorial value.[1]. Given local and transient influences on surface height, the values defined below are based on a "general purpose" model, refined as globally precisely as possible within 5m (16ft) of reference ellipsoid height, and to within 100m (330ft) of mean sea level (neglecting geoid height). It is possible to combine the principal radii of curvature above in a non-directional manner. The radius of the earth's orbit is 45,000,000 meters. What is the radius of Earth in exponential form? The adolescent protagonists of the sequence, Enrique and Rosa, are Arturos son and , The payout that goes with the Nobel Prize is worth $1.2 million, and its often split two or three ways. The corresponding radius of curvature depends on the location and direction of measurement from that point. The value for the equatorial radius is defined to the nearest 0.1m in WGS-84. [29] To settle the matter, the French Geodesic Mission (17351739) measured one degree of latitude at two locations, one near the Arctic Circle and the other near the equator. Video advice: What is EARTH RADIUS? in the second fundamental form for a surface (Equation (123) in[11]): e, f, and g are elements of the shape tensor: n about 6,367.445km (3,956.547mi), can also be used. The first published reference to the Earths size appeared around 350BC, when Aristotle reported in his book On the Heavens(18) that mathematicians had guessed the circumference of the Earth to be 400,000 stadia. Earth is the third planet from the sun. Derivation means the action of obtaining something from a source or origin. Earth's volume, or that of the reference ellipsoid, is V = 4/3a2b. In the third century B.C., Eratosthenes, a Greek mathematician, became the first person to mathematically calculate the diameter of the earth by comparing differences in the angle of the suns rays at two separate geographic points. According to the law of gravitation, the gravitational force F of the earth acting on a body is given by: Mass of the Earth Formula =6 1024 kg Mass of earth in kg Compute the circumference of the Earth using the distance and angle measurements you have. These cookies ensure basic functionalities and security features of the website, anonymously. Like a torus, the curvature at a point will be greatest (tightest) in one direction (northsouth on Earth) and smallest (flattest) perpendicularly (eastwest). The mathematical expressions above apply over the top of ellipsoid. This was due to the coincidence that Mars and Earth lined up with the Sun when the Earth was close to its farthest point from . Using the curvature of the Earth relative to the parallel light from the sun, we can observe shadows at different locations on the surface of the Earth to find the Earths radius. Since Earth is roughly spherical, calculating its volume is relatively simple. In particular, the Earth's meridional radius of curvature (in the northsouth direction) at is: where are tangents to the surface. det The space station is 356 feet (109 meters) end-to-end, one yard shy of the full length of an American football field including the end . While carbon dioxide gas is invisible, the very cold gas , Turbines produce noise and alter visual aesthetics. There are two types of crust; oceanic and continental. Please enter the latitude in decimal degrees, here you can convert coordinates. According to data taken by 183 high-school classes participating in a World Year of Physics project, "Measure the Earth with Shadows", the radius of Earth is 6563 km, compared to the accepted value for the mean radius of 6371 km. Venus is covered by a thick, rapidly spinning atmosphere, creating a scorched world with temperatures hot enough to melt lead and a surface pressure 90 times that of Earth. r Yes! | What physical measurement / elevation is used to define Earths radius? Examples collapse all Earth Radius in Meters View the mean radius of the Earth using the default units, meters. If we were to plot this it would show (setting, G = M = m = R = 1, and including force direction): A simple spring oscillator To understand what this means we'll look at a simple spring oscillator. What is the radius of Earth in exponential form? How do you find the radius of a planet in physics? You can do this, too, by using his method. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Write it in scientific notation. {\displaystyle p=N\cos(\varphi )} Added 2022-02-06 15:04:59 subject Physics by rsa072001. Earth's diameter is simply twice Earth's radius; for example, equatorial diameter (2a) and polar diameter (2b). Rotation of a planet causes it to approximate an oblate ellipsoid/spheroid with a bulge at the equator and flattening at the North and South Poles, so that the equatorial radius a is larger than the polar radius b by approximately aq. Now we know 2 things- 1. In scientific notation, the radius of the earth in meters is equal to 6.37106 meters or approximately 6.4106 meters, and 6378100 or approximately 6370000 in standard form. The following radii are derived from the World Geodetic System 1984 (WGS-84) reference ellipsoid. It is 6356.752 km (3949.903 mi) at the poles and 6371.001 km (3958.756 mi) on average. Physics, 22. The radius of a circle is the straight-line distance from the very center of the circle to any point on the circle. Another global radius is the Earth's rectifying radius, giving a sphere with circumference equal to the perimeter of the ellipse described by any polar cross section of the ellipsoid. You must measure the angle of shadows in the two locations at the exact same time on the exact same day or the calculations will be erroneous. 4.23 x 10 7 m - 6.37 x 10 6 m . \text{Circumference} = 39,350 \text{\ kilometers}. Now, lets plug in some numbers. Obviously, nobody is claiming how big Earth has really altered. The size of a frictional force is given by F, start subscript, f, end subscript, is less than or equal to, mu, R,FfR where R is the magnitude of the normal reaction force between the two surfaces and is the coefficient of friction between the two surfaces. How do you find the radius of a planet in physics? How did Aristotle know the earth was round? nasa.gov. [21] The first known scientific measurement and calculation of the circumference of the Earth was performed by Eratosthenes in about 240BC. Where R is the radius of the Earth. {\displaystyle K} [Mass of the earth is 6 x 1024 kg and radius of the earth is 6.4 x 106 m]. Have your partner do the same in her location at the exact same time. The mathematical expressions above apply over the surface of the ellipsoid. Find the level of Earth in cubic meters. R The first person to determine the size of Earth was Eratosthenes of Cyrene, who produced a surprisingly good measurement using a simple scheme that combined geometrical calculations with physical observations. The dashed line designates the radius to one point on the surface. .[10]. ), In geophysics, the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG) defines the Earth's arithmetic mean radius (denoted R1) to be[2], The factor of two accounts for the biaxial symmetry in Earth's spheroid, a specialization of triaxial ellipsoid. This is the outside layer of the earth and is made of solid rock, mostly basalt and granite. mpanderla95. When the Moon is the farthest away, it's 252,088 miles away. The majority of the data posted was remarkably good, stated Jennifer Fischer, the APS project leader. = N A: . The structure of the Earths upper mantle can be derived from seismic waves. You have to find the circumference. Our Planet radius is really a unit of distance utilized in astronomy and geology. Measured around the Equator, it is 40,075.017 km (24,901.461 mi). So, radius of nth orbit is rn=rn2, as Z=1 for H atom. As an example, we will use Eratosthenes situation. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. What is velocity of bullet in the barrel? Because the Earth isnt perfectly spherical but instead an oblate spheroid, our planet radius is larger in the equator than in the rods. The circumference of the Earth can be calculated using the formula, Circumference = 2 R or D, where R is the radius of Earth and D is the diameter. The average light travel time to the earth is 8.3 minutes. also corresponds to the radius of (global) mean curvature, obtained by averaging the Gaussian curvature, The Bohr model of the atom predicted the radius of the lowest-energy electron orbit. Strictly speaking, spheres are the only solids to have radii, but broader uses of the term radius are common in many fields, including those dealing with models of Earth. The WGS84 ellipsoid can be used worldwide (such as the ridiculously over-precise flattening value). b) Calculate the surface free-fall acceleration. [9] , As an example, we will use Eratosthenes measurements. , which is defined to be 6,378.1km (3,963.2mi). Historically, these models were based on regional topography, giving the best reference ellipsoid for the area under survey. We use cookies on our website to give you the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits. (a) To what radius (in meters) would the earth have to be compressed in order for it to become a black holethe escape velocity from its surface equal to the velocity c = 3 \times 10 ^ { 8 } \mathrm { m } / \mathrm { s } c = 3108m/s of light? Sun: radius = 696,000 kilometers, > 100 occasions bigger. This length is also used as a unit of distance, especially in astronomy and geology, where it is usually denoted by R. Definition of radius 1 : a line segment extending from the center of a circle or sphere to the circumference or bounding surface. The cookie is set by the GDPR Cookie Consent plugin and is used to store whether or not user has consented to the use of cookies. + Aristotle (384-322 BC) was among the first to recognize the fact of our planet being a round sphere. When we rearrange the equation and plug all the numbers in, we find that the mass of the Earth is 5.96 1024 kg. [1]:4 What is the permiter of the Earth? = 6,356.8km (3,949.9mi). Advertisement cookies are used to provide visitors with relevant ads and marketing campaigns. The model is rotated in a wind tunnel at a rotational speed of 500 rev/minrev/min. Step 3 of 5. EARTH RADIUS meaning & explanation. [22] For both Aristotle and Eratosthenes, uncertainty in the accuracy of their estimates is due to modern uncertainty over which stadion length they meant. Thus, the surface of the earth at the. [ In a geocentric ellipsoid, the center of the ellipsoid coincides with some computed center of Earth, and best models the earth as a whole. View this answer. Definition of radius 1 : a line segment extending from the center of a circle or sphere to the circumference or bounding surface. If one point had appeared due east of the other, one finds the approximate curvature in the eastwest direction. Since he knew the distance between the locations, he was able to determine the circumference of the earth, and therefore the diameter and radius as well. Eratosthenes' methods result in a formula that would look like this: 39,350 = 2 x 3.14 x r, or 6,267 kilometers. Its measured round the Equator and round the rods that provide different values. E F It is the smallest planet in the Solar System, with an equatorial radius of 2,439.7 km. Refer to the WGS-84 ellipsoid if a more precise value for its polar radius is needed. In his writing, Alexander covers a wide range of topics, from cutting-edge medical research and technology to environmental science and space exploration. 6.371 10 6 m . . The topographical mean geocentric distance averages elevations everywhere, resulting in a value 230m larger than the IUGG mean radius, the authalic radius, or the volumetric radius. 3 The physical radius, the distance from the center of the earth to the ellipsoid is the least used. Therefore, the difference was 7.2 degrees. Answer (1 of 3): First of all let us consider the shape of the earth to be a sphere. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Performance". 1999. In this state, it would have approximately the same mass as it has now, but its radius would be equal to the radius of the Earth. T What happens to the dry ice at room pressure and temperature? This section describes the common ways. Born and raised in the city of London, Alexander Johnson studied biology and chemistry in college and went on to earn a PhD in biochemistry. Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. Her latest book, "A Travel for Taste: Germany," was published in 2015. Learn what is circumference of a sphere, how to calculate the circumference of the Earth with the help of solved examples. Equatorial radius a (called semi-major axis), and polar radius b (called semi-minor axis); a and eccentricity e; a and flattening f. WGS 84 defines ellipsoid parameters as: Semi-major axis a = 6378137.0 meters. The radius of Earth at the equator is 3,963 miles (6,378 kilometers), according to NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland. The magnitude of the gravitational force between earth and an object is given by the formula. 2a : the bone on the thumb side of the human forearm also : a corresponding part of vertebrates above fishes. Since pi is an infinite number, the calculations in Step 6 will be more accurate. All Right Reserved. {\displaystyle r=[r^{1},r^{2},r^{3}]^{T}=[x,y,z]^{T}} That's between 28 and 29 Earths. For Earth, the arithmetic mean radius is 6,371.0088km (3,958.7613mi). However, Earth is not quite a sphere. One can only adopt an idealized model. The total mass of all the asteroids combined is less than that of Earth's Moon. For example, if you stand at a point on the earth and move around the earth in a straight path, and reach the same point again, then the distance covered by you is the circumference of the earth. Keplers Third law can be used to determine the orbital radius of the planet if the mass of the orbiting star is known (R3=T2Mstar/Msun, the radius is in AU and the period is in earth years). ( Image credit: Ayhan Altun) There are nearly 8 billion people (opens in new tab) living on Earth today, but our planet wasnt always so crowded. Because these measurements are not done with more sensitive equipment, the radius calculation will be only approximate. 2 degrees. {\displaystyle {\mathcal {R}}_{\mathrm {pJ} }^{\mathrm {N} }} for an oblate spheroid, the curvatures are. The Magellan expedition (15191522), which was the first circumnavigation of the World, soundly demonstrated the sphericity of the Earth,[28] and affirmed the original measurement of 40,000km (25,000mi) by Eratosthenes. The circumference of the world may be the distance measured around it. = a) The diameter of the earth is approximately 1.276 1 0 7 1.276 \times 10^7 1.276107 m in scientific notation. Earth's rotation, internal density variations, and external tidal forces cause its shape to deviate systematically from a perfect sphere. Testing, Testing: Space-Bound US-European Water Mission Passes Finals. There are two principal radii of curvature: along the meridional and prime-vertical normal sections. MITs Alan , In 2020, as a response to the disruption caused by COVID-19, the College Board modified the AP exams so they were shorter, administered online, covered less material, and had a different format than previous tests.

Newspaper Article On Environmental Pollution In Nepal, Articles W