which software was the first available for microcomputers quizlet

Paragon systems were used in many scientific areas, including atmospheric and oceanic flow studies, and energy research. What type of software allows teachers and students in different locations to use it to create, edit, and share documents at the same time over the Internet? Back in the 80s and 90s, the home computing revolution led to a huge number of microcomputers hitting the market across the world. Its large scope intrigued early hackers at MIT, who wrote the first computerized video game, SpaceWar!, as well as programs to play music. The 48-bit machine used 92 point-contact transistors and 550 diodes. The PowerBook line of computers was discontinued in 2006. Intel released the 80486 microprocessor and the i860 RISC/coprocessor chip, each of which contained more than 1 million transistors. IBMs initial investment of $5 billion was quickly returned as orders for the system climbed to 1,000 per month within two years. This was the first program in history to run on a digital, electronic, stored-program computer. Wilkes' ideas grew out of the Moore School lectures he had attended three years earlier. An early transistorized computer, the NEAC (Nippon Electric Automatic Computer) includes a CPU, console, paper tape reader and punch, printer and magnetic tape units. After the war, Herzstarks Curta made history as the smallest all-mechanical, four-function calculator ever built. The Pentium is the fifth generation of the x86 line of microprocessors from Intel, the basis for the IBM PC and its clones. Called the Model K Adder because he built it on his Kitchen table, this simple demonstration circuit provides proof of concept for applying Boolean logic to the design of computers, resulting in construction of the relay-based Model I Complex Calculator in 1939. Virginia Tech used more than a thousand PowerMac G5s to create the System X cluster supercomputer, rated #3 in November of that year on the worlds TOP500 fastest computers. What is the general term for software whose source code is made available for free and permits users to use, change, and improve it? The militarys high standards for its transistors pushed manufacturers to improve quality control. The 2116A also marked HP's first use of integrated circuits in a commercial product. The Apple II, one of the first commercially successful microcomputers, was debuted at the inaugural show of which annual computer industry conference? Hungarian-born von Neumann demonstrated prodigious expertise in hydrodynamics, ballistics, meteorology, game theory, statistics, and the use of mechanical devices for computation. The RISC microprocessor had a 32-bit integer arithmetic and logic unit (the part of the CPU that performs operations such as addition and subtraction), a 64-bit floating-point unit, and a clock rate of 33 MHz. A computer could write it with a laser instead. At the top of the line was the Model 7030, also known as "Stretch." Almost a million units were ordered on the day of release. Apollo and its main competitor, Sun Microsystems, optimized their machines to run the computer-intensive graphics programs common in engineering and scientific applications. The LEO was Englands first commercial computer and was performing useful work before any other commercial computer system in the world. The system cost more than $100 million to create and ran a variation of the Linux operating system with up to 10 petabytes of storage. With an order for 50 assembled systems from Mountain View, California computer store The Byte Shop in hand, the pair started a new company, naming it Apple Computer, Inc. Definition. More than 50 PDP-1s were sold. What is the first step when designing and creating a web page or website? The Macintosh Portable was heavy, weighing sixteen pounds, and expensive (US$6,500). An offshoot of the POWER XCell8i chip was used as the main processor in the Sony PlayStation 3 game console. The result was the Relay Interpolator, later called the Bell Labs Model II. An ecologist, for example, could sprinkle thousands of motes from the air onto a field and measure soil and air temperature, moisture, and sunlight, giving them accurate real-time data about the environment. The machine used up to 65,536 one-bit processors and could complete several billion operations per second. Within weeks of its appearance, customers inundated its maker, MITS, with orders. spreadsheet What is the function of an IEP generator? The 1101, designed by ERA but built by Remington-Rand, was intended for high-speed computing and stored 1 million bits on its magnetic drum, one of the earliest magnetic storage devices and a technology which ERA had done much to perfect in its own laboratories. Created by Presper Eckert and John Mauchly -- designers of the earlier ENIAC computer -- the Univac 1 used 5,200 vacuum tubes and weighed 29,000 pounds. Remington Rand eventually sold 46 Univac 1s at more than $1 million each. Operator at Complex Number Calculator (CNC). MADDIDA is a digital drum-based differential analyzer. Apollo was a leading innovator in the workstation field for more than a decade, and was acquired by Hewlett-Packard in 1989. Named in honor of the space shuttle which broke-up on re-entry, the Columbia supercomputer is an important part of NASA's return to manned spaceflight after the 2003 disaster. The world's first scanned image was made on SEAC by engineer Russell Kirsch in 1957. The IAS computer was designed for scientific calculations and it performed essential work for the US atomic weapons program. Performing far better than the company projections of 3,000 units for the first year, in the first month after its release Tandy Radio Shacks first desktop computer the TRS-80 sells 10,000 units. It offered increased performance and storage capacity over the original IBM PC and sold for about $4,000. effects of word processing on students' handwriting. Updates called _____ contain fixes and enhancements to the operating system. [1] Raspberry Pi, a popular modern-class microcomputer A microcomputer is a small, relatively inexpensive computer having a central processing unit (CPU) made out of a microprocessor. The C64, as it is better known, sells for $595, comes with 64 KB of RAM and features impressive graphics. Also known inside IBM as the Defense Calculator," the 701 rented for $15,000 a month. Created almost five years after the original Apple II, Franklin's Ace 1000 main logic board is nearly identical to that in the Apple II+ computer, and other models were later cloned as well. and taking up a volume of less than 1 cubic foot. VisiCalc was released in 1979 and quickly became a must-have tool for business users. Many companies have attempted to release electronic reading systems dating back to the early 1990s. SWAC was used to solve problems in numerical analysis, including developing climate models and discovering five previously unknown Mersenne prime numbers. The Difference Engine #2 at the Science Museum, London. It was also repeatedly expanded and improved throughout its 13-year lifespan. Applications that came as part of the package included MacPaint, which made use of the mouse, and MacWrite, which demonstrated WYSIWYG (What You See Is What You Get) word processing. In a widely circulated paper, mathematician John von Neumann outlines the architecture of a stored-program computer, including electronic storage of programming information and data -- which eliminates the need for more clumsy methods of programming such as plugboards, punched cards and paper. The J-Phone line would quickly expand, releasing a flip-phone version just a month later. Students included future computing pioneers such as Maurice Wilkes, Claude Shannon, David Rees, and Jay Forrester. The Roadrunner is the first computer to reach a sustained performance of 1 petaflop (one thousand trillion floating point operations per second). The last one was decommissioned in 1979. The first IBM system to include Intels 80386 chip, the company ships more than 1 million units by the end of the first year. Introduction of the iPhone 4 with retina display. The TRS-80 was priced at $599.95, included a Z80 microprocessor, video display, 4 KB of memory, a built-in BASIC programming language interpreter, cassette storage, and easy-to-understand manuals that assumed no prior knowledge on the part of the user. It performed 2 million instructions per second, but other RISC-based computers worked significantly faster. The TV Typewriter was used by many small television stations well in the 1990s. The Lisa ran on a Motorola 68000 microprocessor and came equipped with 1 MB of RAM, a 12-inch black-and-white monitor, dual 5.25-inch floppy disk drives and a 5 MB Profile hard drive. Its price was especially attractive as the computer included very useful productivity software worth about $1,500 alone. False The Standards Eastern Automatic Computer (SEAC) is among the first stored program computers completed in the United States. Weighing 24 pounds and costing $1,795, the Osborne 1 is the first mass-produced portable computer. One of Britain's leading computer companies, Acorn continued the Archimedes line, which grew to nearly twenty different models, into the 1990s. The PET was popular with schools and for use as a home computer. Apple Stores display of newly introduced Apple Watches. Palm could be connected to a PC or Mac using a serial port to synchronize sync both computer and Palm. Called a complex instruction set computer, VAX systems were backward compatible and so preserved the investment owners of previous DEC computers had in software. central processing unit (cpu) computers brain. The NeXT had three Motorola microprocessors and 8 MB of RAM. The Treo sold well, and the line continued until Handspring was purchased by Palm in 2003. The 1401 mainframe, the first in the series, replaces earlier vacuum tube technology with smaller, more reliable transistors. . It was designed by MIT Lincoln Laboratory engineer Wesley Clark. Shortly after delivery of the Atari VCS game console, Atari designs two microcomputers with game capabilities: the Model 400 and Model 800. FoxBase was originally released for the Apple II in 1984, followed by versions for the Commodore 64, IBM PC, and Atari ST. A version for the Macintosh was also released in 1985. The machine had a fifty-foot long camshaft running the length of machine that synchronized the machines thousands of component parts and used 3,500 relays. Designed by John V. Blankenbaker using standard medium-- and small-scale integrated circuits, the Kenbak-1 relied on switches for input and lights for output from its 256-byte memory. The Macintosh was the first successful mouse-driven computer with a graphical user interface and was based on the Motorola 68000 microprocessor. Designer Thi Truong developed the computer while Philippe Kahn wrote the software. IBMs first personal computer, the system was designed to run the APL programming language in a compact, briefcase-like enclosure which comprised a keyboard, CRT display, and cassette tape storage. True False The Video Display Module (VDM) marks the first implementation of a memory-mapped alphanumeric video display for personal computers. Intel introduced the 8086 in June 1978. false. Apple gave away thousands of Apple IIs to school, giving a new generation their first access to personal computers. Accept data (input) 2. FoxBase is a database management system and programming language developed by Fox Software in the mid-1980s. You are designing a controller for a toaster oven. Most historians believe that the use of Colossus machines significantly shortened the war by providing evidence of enemy intentions and beliefs. The first microcomputer was the Intel 4004, introduced in 1971. Only one month later, another one million Raspberry Pis were delivered. Applications were also highly innovative: a WYSISYG word processor known as Bravo, a paint program, a graphics editor, and email for example. Compaq's success launched a market for IBM-compatible computers that by 1996 had achieved an 83-percent share of the personal computer market. Find and create gamified quizzes, lessons, presentations, and flashcards for students, employees, and everyone else. The banking industry rushed to adopt the machine, built to run during repair or expansion. The Programma 101 could do addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division, as well as calculate square roots. Astronauts communicated with the computer by punching two-digit codes into the display and keyboard unit (DSKY). When was the word "computer" first used? Xerox PARC physicist Gary Starkweather realizes in 1967 that exposing a copy machines light-sensitive drum to a paper original isnt the only way to create an image. 0.5 out of 0.5 points. Japan's SoftBank introduces the first camera phone, the J-Phone J-SH04; a Sharp-manufactured digital phone with integrated camera. true. A driver education teacher might use this kind of software to let students "practice" driving before actually getting in a car. Microcomputer was formerly a commonly used term for personal computers, particularly any of a class of small digital computers whose CPU is contained on a single integrated semiconductor chip. The Institute of Advanced Study (IAS) computer is a multi-year research project conducted under the overall supervision of world-famous mathematician John von Neumann. It was also one of the first computers to use all-diode logic, a technology more reliable than vacuum tubes. Wang was a successful calculator manufacturer, then a successful word processor company. data. The LINC is an early and important example of a personal computer, that is, a computer designed for only one user. Simon featured on the November 1950 Scientific American cover, The hobbyist magazine Radio Electronics publishes Edmund Berkeley's design for the Simon 1 relay computer from 1950 to 1951. OPENSTEP was used as one of the foundations for the new Mac OS operating system soon after NeXT was acquired by Apple in 1996. It was built in Washington DC as a test-bed for evaluating components and systems as well as for setting computer standards. It was the fastest computer in the world from November 2009 to June 2010. Promotional shot of the Compaq Deskpro 386s. The Mark-8 Do-It-Yourself kit is designed by graduate student John Titus and uses the Intel 8008 microprocessor. While many early digital computers were based on similar designs, such as the IAS and its copies, others are unique designs, like the CSIRAC. Tracks on the drum did the mathematical integration. By the early 1990s, Dell became one of the leading computer retailers. This keyboard design was dubbed the Butterfly. The need for such a design was lessened as laptop screens grew wider. Commodore releases the VIC-20 home computer as the successor to the Commodore PET personal computer. The new chip made graphical operating environments for IBM PC and PC-compatible computers practical. Today those systems use the PowerPC chip, also by Motorola and a successor to the 68000 series. Motorola went on to create the 68000 series, which became the basis for the Apple Macintosh line of computers. What is a typical classroom application for instructional games? The 400 served primarily as a game console, while the 800 was more of a home computer. The keyboard was comprised of three roughly triangular interlocking pieces, which formed a full-sized keyboard when the laptop was opened -- resulting in a keyboard significantly wider than the case. Atlas was the fastest computer in the world at the time and introduced the concept of virtual memory, that is, using a disk or drum as an extension of main memory. Twitter is an example of which web-based collaboration resource? The PROMs contained a disk operating system, allowing. The Air incorporated many of the technologies that had been associated with Apple's MacBook line of laptops, including integrated camera, and Wi-Fi capabilities. Reaching 32 gigaflops (32 billion floating point operations per second), Intels Touchstone Delta has 512 processors operating independently, arranged in a two-dimensional communications mesh. Caltech researchers used this supercomputer prototype for projects such as real-time processing of satellite images, and for simulating molecular models in AIDS research. User interface It was thus an important milestone in computing as soon Microsoft Windows and the Apple Macintosh would soon adopt the GUI as their user interface, making it the new paradigm for personal computing. The company sold about 200 machines, losing $500 per unit. Under the auspices of a National Institutes of Health (NIH) grant, biomedical research faculty from around the United States came to a workshop at MIT to build their own LINCs, and then bring them back to their home institutions where they would be used. With a screen resolution of up to 400 pixels-per-inch (PPI), Retina displays approached the limit of pixel visibility to the human eye. It was named after John von Neumann, a world famous mathematician and computer pioneer of the day. IBM's brand recognition, along with a massive marketing campaign, ignites the fast growth of the personal computer market with the announcement of its own personal computer (PC). Replacing their Archimedes computer, the RISC PC from UK's Acorn Computers uses the ARMv3 RISC microprocessor. The 501 is built on a 'building block' concept which allows it to be highly flexible for many different uses and could simultaneously control up to 63 tape drivesvery useful for large databases of information. The SSEC was one of the last of the generation of 'super calculators' to be built using electromechanical technology. It used a MOS Technologies 6502 microprocessor running at 1 MHz. The Relay Interpolator used 440 relays, and since it was programmable by paper tape, was used for other applications following the war. DSKY interface for the Apollo Guidance Computer. The Pentium introduced several advances that made programs run faster such as the ability to execute several instructions at the same time and support for graphics and music. While imprisoned at Buchenwald concentration camp for the rest of World War II, he refines his pre-war design of a calculator featuring a modified version of Leibnizs stepped drum design. Colossus reduced the time to break Lorenz messages from weeks to hours. Which of the following is not one of the kinds of interaction that Moore said characterized online courses? In 1987, the year after Microsoft went public, 31-year-old Gates became the world's youngest billionaire. Programmer Arthur Samuels used the 701 to write the first computer program designed to play checkers. Which of the following is not a significant challenge in regard to assessing students who are English language learners (ELLs)? The title of first commercially available general-purpose computer probably goes to Britains Ferranti Mark I for its sale of its first Mark I computer to Manchester University. The company called it a connected organizer rather than a PDA to emphasize this ability. If a social studies teacher wanted to poll students anonymously about their opinions on a local issue, what tool might she use to gather their data? It used two different microprocessors: an IBM POWER XCell L8i and AMD Opteron. high interaction between students and the teacher. Curt Herzstark was an Austrian engineer who worked in his familys manufacturing business until he was arrested by the Nazis in 1943. It was the world's first commercial 16-bit minicomputer and 172 systems were sold. What have recent studies of online school performance compared with traditional school performance shown? Combined with an enhanced bus interface unit, the microprocessor doubled the performance of the 386 without increasing the clock rate. Its base price was $6,500. T/F False Storage on a mobile device is usually an SSD (Solid-state drive). Many innovative programs were created for Johnniac, including the time-sharing system JOSS that allowed many users to simultaneously access the machine. While Apple sued to remove the Laser 128 from the market, they were unsuccessful and the Laser remained one of the very few Apple clones for sale. Based on ideas from Alan Turing, Britains Pilot ACE computer is constructed at the National Physical Laboratory. Based on the Intel 8008 microprocessor, the Micral is one of the earliest commercial, non-kit personal computers. Advertised as the first 100% IBM PC-compatible computer, the Compaq Portable can run the same software as the IBM PC. SSEC goes on display IBM Selective Sequence Electronic Calculator (SSEC) Term. The Amiga sold for $1,295 (without monitor) and had audio and video capabilities beyond those found in most other personal computers. Intel and Zilog introduced new microprocessors. Featuring the first graphical user interface (GUI) for IBM -compatible PCs, the Windows OS soon dominated the PC market. While larger than the previous G4 towers, the G5 had comparatively limited space for expansion. The Earth Simulator was listed as the fastest supercomputer in the world from 2002 to 2004. Approximately 90 percent of PCs run some version of Windows. The primary distinguishing characteristic of modern computers is ____. Three types of the M3 were available two types that measured either temperature or pressure and one that could take images. An inspiring summer school on computing at the University of Pennsylvanias Moore School of Electrical Engineering stimulates construction of stored-program computers at universities and research institutions in the US, France, the UK, and Germany. University of Manchester researchers Frederic Williams, Tom Kilburn, and Geoff Toothill develop the Small-Scale Experimental Machine (SSEM), better known as the Manchester "Baby." . In some places, lower populations of ELL students may result in distorted data analysis. The Univac 1 is the first commercial computer to attract widespread public attention. Commodore even used Star Trek television star William Shatner in advertisements. Which of the following has research shown to be a benefit of online learning? While the PC Jr. sold poorly, the PC/AT sold in the millions. That means if you want to get started collecting microcomputers, knowing which system to go for first can be overwhelming. Of the dozens of different SWTP kits available, the 6800 proved the most popular. Its founders were Ken and Stan Olsen, and Harlan Anderson. Sony had manufactured and sold computers in Japan, but the VAIO signals their entry into the global computer market. Dell dropped out of school to focus on his business and in 1985, the company produced the first computer of its own design, the Turbo PC, which sold for $795. Since the release of the Macintosh in 1984, Apple has placed emphasis on high-resolution graphics and display technologies. IBMs 7000 series of mainframe computers are the companys first to use transistors. The motes were powered by a tiny battery and could gain light energy through a photocell, which was enough to feed the infinitesimally small amount of energy a mote consumes (1 picowatt). That same year in Germany, engineer Konrad Zuse built his Z2 computer, also using telephone company relays. Originally a Cray XT3 system, the Jaguar is a massively parallel supercomputer at Oak Ridge National Laboratory, a US science and energy research facility. Nearly a quarter century after IBM launched their PC in 1981, they had become merely another player in a crowded marketplace. True The term DBMS is used in reference to spreadsheet software. This is likely the first example of remote access computing. It was eventually housed at NASAs Ames Research Center in Mountain View, California. Be, founded by former Apple executive Jean Louis Gasse and a number of former Apple, NeXT and SUN employees, releases their only product the BeBox. A cassette tape interface provided supplementary storage for text. The system was IBM's response to losing control of the PC market with the rise of widespread copying of the original IBM PC design by clone makers. Assessment instruments may have lower reliability and validity when used with non-native English speakers. A joint project of Englands Manchester University, Ferranti Computers, and Plessey, Atlas comes online nine years after Manchesters computer lab begins exploring transistor technology. Quizlet is the only app you need to study and learn. Which is an acknowledged benefit of software with drill and practice functions? The EDSAC project was led by Cambridge professor and director of the Cambridge Computation Laboratory, Maurice Wilkes.

Itaewon Class Fashion, Chelsea Public Schools Staff Directory, Trenton Maine Drug Bust, Braswell Basketball Roster, Articles W