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Louis Leakey, writing in The Southern Kikuyu before 1903, Kenyatta and the very sound Kikuyu historian Godfrey Muriuki all accept that the Kikuyu originally had a matrilineal society in which descent, identity and inheritance was derived not from the … [33] When disputes with white settlers and the Agikuyu became violent (usually over land issues), the settlers would employ Maasai tribesmen together with some colonial troops to carry out their fighting for them. Had that system, of naming one's children after one's parents been there from the beginning, there would be very few male names in circulation. According to Mwaniki, when in Misri, the Meru were ’created’ (nd. Their Luo languages belong to the western branch of the Nilotic language family. However, It appears to me like the Nyeri Kikuyu came a bit late on the trail from Ethiopia by between 30 and 60 years. They have become popular only in the 21st century. I have looked at that site and will be reviewing from time to time. Ndia and Gachũgũ are extremely far from Metumi. [45] According to Salas et al. Nairobi, Kenya: East Africa Literature Bureau, 1973. [22] The next one was supposed to be held in 1925–1928 [Kenyatta] but was thwarted by the colonial imperialist government and one by one Gĩkũyũ institutions crumbled.[26]. Most belong to various Africa-centered mtDNA macro-haplogroup L lineages such as L0f, L3x, L4g and L5 per Castrì et al. Their names were Gaita, Muthetu and Kiuna. Since the proclamation of the Republic of Kenya, after colonial rule in Kenya came to an end in 1963, the Agikuyu now form an integral part of the Kenyan nation. All those forces (things) in the universe came from God who, from the beginning of time, have had the vital divine force of creation within himself. Unlike for Afro-Diasporans in the Americas these results can therefore be verified with known genealogy. Nairobi, Kenya: Oxford University Press, 1974. It had also disrupted their traditional, political as well as their social lives. Kikuyu, also called Gikuyu or Agikuyu, Bantu-speaking people who live in the highland area of south-central Kenya, near Mount Kenya. The daughters were always said to be ‘nine and the full’ perhaps to imply that the tenth daughter was known but was unmentionable. As far as male names are concerned, there is of course the chicken and the egg question, of when a name specifically appeared but some names are tied to events that happened during the initiation. The Luo groups in South Sudan include the Shilluk, Anuak, Pari, Acholi, Balanda Boor, Thuri and … Their own name for themselves is However, Lt. Col Paul von Lettow-Vorbeck took command of the German military forces, determined to tie down as many British resources as possible. The Kikuyu developed from several continuous waves of migration and remigration within the area. The Kikuyu people are a Bantu people. The Evolution of the Ethiopian Jews: A History of the Beta Israel (Falasha) to I920 James Quirin. In general, the Bantu have been farmers. According to Mwaniki, all the mount Kenya people have elements of the Tharaka and Tumbiri within them. A human sacrifice had to be done during the crossing of the river. Since the leader of this human society has the highest vital force and hence closer to God than any other person, he should be able to nourish the rest of the people by linking them to the ultimate God and by being able to command lower forces to act in such a way so as to reinforce the other humans' vital force. There is a specific point within every physical manifestation (thing) of vital force where most of that force is concentrated. According to the Myth, God finished making the world and apparently, spoke to the first man Mamba. recommended: see Bibliography D. Levine, Greater Ethiopia The Coast and Expansion of Trade 10/6 Fishing, Trade and the Development of Swahili Society The last group crossed during the day. Together, Mumbi and Gikuyu had nine daughters. On top of that, the initiation sets were a way of documenting events within the Gĩkũyũ nation, so, for example, were the occurrence of smallpox and syphilis recorded. His wife, a Goddess was called Ngaa. 132.) Routledge, William Scoresby; Routledge, Katherine Pease (1910). Meanwhile, on the political front, in 1944 Thuku founded and was first chairman of the multi-ethnic Kenya African Study Union (KASU). In the Kikuyu culture, earholes were large, which was believed to be a sign of beauty. Kenya. Nyaga (1986) claims that the Gumba of Kikuyu and Embu traditions are the same people the Meru call Uumpwa. This would strangely mean that the female names are the oldest in Gĩkũyũ land, further confirming its matrilineal descent. Geographically, they are concentrated in the vicinity of Mount Kenya. The three volunteers survived the ordeal, and started clans, which go by their names; Gaita - Antubaita; the Muthetu - Amuthetu and kiuna – Akiuna. Oromo are also the largest ethnic group of Ethiopia estimated to more than 40 million. The Kikuyu live in Central Kenya, making up 20% of the total Kenyan population. This myth indicates that the originator of the tribe had migrated from elsewhere. The Kikuyu belong to the Northeastern Bantu branch. [34] Famous stories include The Maiden Who Was Sacrificed By Her Kin, The Lost Sister, The Four Young Warriors, The Girl who Cut the Hair of the N'jenge, and many more. Slavery as an institution did not exist amongst the Agĩkũyũ, nor did they make raids for the capture of slaves. On top of the ruling generations, he also gives names of the regiments or army sets from 1659 [within a margin of error] and the names of annual initiation sets beginning 1864. The universe is composed of interacting and interconnected forces whose manifestation is the physical things we see, including ourselves and those we don't see. They belong to a northeastern Bantu-speaking group. In this myth, a man wandered from place to place. The boys eventually matured, and by some luck, one of the boys learned to domesticate wild animals and became the first pastoralist. Fadiman’s informants said that the water used to go to eat grass, a description of low tide. Thunder is interpreted to be the movement of Ngai and lightning is the weapon used by Ngai to clear the way when moving from one sacred place to another. A massive exodus to the cities ensued as their ability to provide a living from the land dwindled.[38]. Muhindi, Samuel, Author [Ngucanio 1 & 2] 2009, A Gĩkũyũ Christian movie] - The first Gĩkũyũ author to write and shoot a Christian Gĩkũyũ movie, Emmanuel Kariũki, Kikuyu People Secrets of the migration from Egypt to Mount Kenya at hubpages.com, 2012, This page was last edited on 19 March 2021, at 15:54. Suffice to say that most of the most popular male names in Gĩkũyũ land were names of riikas (initiation sets).[26]. One can say that children belong to "Mukunga," meaning that you may not treat a child as you wish. These were the Ukara and Mokuru (Ogot 1976, p. 163). For example, Wainaina refers to those who shivered during circumcision. 2003. There are significant similarities and differences between these two majority communities living in… (2009). God made Gĩkũyũ and placed him near Mount Kenya at a place called Mũkũrwe wa Gathanga God saw that he was lonely and gave him a wife, Mũmbi. Both Meru and Kikuyu traditions claim that the Gumba lived in pits, which were connected to each other by tunnels. [27], Karanja (1759–1762), Kĩnũthia (1772–1775), Ndũrĩrĩ (1785–1788), Mũgacho (1798–1801), Njoroge (1811–1814), Kang’ethe (1824–1827), Gitaũ (1837–1840), Manyaki (1850–1853), Kiambũthi (1863–1866), Watuke (1876–1879), Ngũgĩ (1889–1892), Wakanene (1902–1905). Kenyatta[29] related how once, in the land of the Agĩkũyũ, there ruled a despotic King called Gĩkũyũ, grandson of the elder daughter (Wanjirũ according to Leakey) of the original Gĩkũyũ of Gĩkũyũ and Mũmbi fame. He became a ‘moturi,' forge of iron. Middleton and Kershaw (1965) narrated a second myth. He eventually surrendered in Zambia eleven days after the Armistice was signed in 1918. Apparently, one group was absorbed by the Turkana on arrival. In Gaki Nyeri the system was inversed with initiation taking place annually for four calendar years, which would be followed by a period of nine calendar years in which no initiation of boys took place (mũhingo). The experiences gained by Africans in the war, coupled with the creation of the white-dominated Kenya Crown Colony, gave rise to considerable political activity in the 1920s which culminated in Archdeacon Owen's "Piny Owacho" (Voice of the People) movement and the "Young Kikuyu Association" (renamed the "East African Association") started in 1921 by Harry Thuku (1895–1970), which gave a sense of nationalism to many Kikuyu and advocated civil disobedience. Kabeca gives the names Pisinia, Abyssinia, Tuku, Mariguuri, Baci, Miiru, and Misri as synonyms of Mbwaa with some informants stating the above location to be the place of the “Israels.” The Embu were called Kembu and came as hunters looking for ivory” (Mwaniki, nd. For other uses, see, Philosophy of the Traditional Kikuyu Religion, Political structures and generational change, Collapse of traditional political structure, List of prominent Agikĩkũyũ and people of Gĩkũyũ descent, Activism, authorship, academics and science. p. He was exiled to Kismayu the following year, and it was not until 1924 that the Kikuyu Central Association (KCA) was formed to carry on with Thuku's campaign. Mwaniki concludes that the available oral evidence demonstrates that the language spoken by the mount Kenya people may be indigenous, from the south or east but the main corps of the people came from the north. Late papers will be penalized. These were followed by the ancestors of the people who inherited life force from the first parents, then followed by the immediate dead and finally the eldest in the community. Several regiments then make up a ruling generation. My theory here is that the Meru arrived with a Chief and his queen who proceeded to divide up the land to settle his people. Some clans had a recognised leader, others did not. Their Myth of Origin is a sort of Adam and Eve affair. The Gĩkũyũ were – and still are – monotheists believing in an omnipotent God whom they refer to as Ngai. “Phylogeographic Refinement and Large Scale Genotyping of Human Y Chromosome Haplogroup E Provide New Insights into the Dispersal of Early Pastoralists in the African Continent.” Genome Biology and Evolution (2015). The daughters married and had their own families, retaining a domineering role in Kikuyu society. Mwimbi traditions on the other hand claim that an earlier group preceded the Umpua. The Luo are several ethnically and linguistically related Nilotic ethnic groups that inhabit an area ranging from South Sudan and Ethiopia, through Northern Uganda and eastern Congo, into western Kenya, and the Mara Region of Tanzania. To approach higher forces directly is thahu (abomination which leads to a curse).

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